"Fransa" meaning in Turkish

See Fransa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: [fɾ̞ä́n̪.s̪ä] Audio: LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Fransa.wav
Etymology: Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa), from Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa). Etymology templates: {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|tr|ota|فرانسه|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=Firansa|ts=}} Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa), {{inh+|tr|ota|فرانسه|tr=Firansa}} Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa), {{der|tr|fa-cls|فرانسه|tr=farānsa}} Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa) Head templates: {{head|tr|proper noun|head=}} Fransa, {{tr-proper noun}} Fransa Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], Fransa [nominative, singular], Fransalar [nominative, plural], Fransa'lar [nominative, plural], Fransa'yı [accusative, singular], Fransaları [accusative, plural], Fransa'ları [accusative, plural], Fransa'ya [dative, singular], Fransalara [dative, plural], Fransa'lara [dative, plural], Fransa'da [locative, singular], Fransalarda [locative, plural], Fransa'larda [locative, plural], Fransa'dan [ablative, singular], Fransalardan [ablative, plural], Fransa'lardan [ablative, plural], Fransa'nın [genitive, singular], Fransaların [genitive, plural], Fransa'ların [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], Fransa'm [first-person, singular], Fransalarım [first-person, singular], Fransa'larım [first-person, singular], Fransa'n [second-person, singular], Fransaların [second-person, singular], Fransa'ların [second-person, singular], Fransa'sı [singular, third-person], Fransaları [singular, third-person], Fransa'ları [singular, third-person], Fransa'mız [first-person, plural], Fransalarımız [first-person, plural], Fransa'larımız [first-person, plural], Fransa'nız [plural, second-person], Fransalarınız [plural, second-person], Fransa'larınız [plural, second-person], Fransa'sı [plural, third-person], Fransaları [plural, third-person], Fransa'ları [plural, third-person]
  1. France (a country located primarily in Western Europe) Categories (place): Countries in Europe
    Sense id: en-Fransa-tr-name-rAUW2o2a Categories (other): France, Turkish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Turkish entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
  2. France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)
    (attributively) of France, French     Tags: attributive Categories (place): Countries in Europe
    Sense id: en-Fransa-tr-name-mDm-c0C6 Categories (other): France, Turkish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Turkish entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: Fransa Cumhuriyeti (english: French Republic), Fransa Krallığı (english: Kingdom of France), Fransalı, Özgür Fransa (english: Free France), Vichy Fransası (english: Vichy France), Yeni Fransa (english: New France) Related terms: Fransız [French] 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "French Republic",
      "translation": "French Republic",
      "word": "Fransa Cumhuriyeti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Kingdom of France",
      "translation": "Kingdom of France",
      "word": "Fransa Krallığı"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Fransalı"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Free France",
      "translation": "Free France",
      "word": "Özgür Fransa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Vichy France",
      "translation": "Vichy France",
      "word": "Vichy Fransası"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "New France",
      "translation": "New France",
      "word": "Yeni Fransa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "Firansa",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "tr": "Firansa"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "tr": "farānsa"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa), from Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'yı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'da",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'dan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalardan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lardan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'nın",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-poss-prop-v-aı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarım",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larım",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'sı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'mız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarımız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larımız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'nız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarınız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larınız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'sı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Fransa",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Fransa",
      "name": "tr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "Fran",
        "sa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "French"
      ],
      "word": "Fransız"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "Countries in Europe",
          "orig": "tr:Countries in Europe",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "France",
          "orig": "tr:France",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)"
      ],
      "id": "en-Fransa-tr-name-rAUW2o2a",
      "links": [
        [
          "France",
          "France#English:_Q142"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Western Europe",
          "Western Europe#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "Countries in Europe",
          "orig": "tr:Countries in Europe",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "tr",
          "name": "France",
          "orig": "tr:France",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the French Republic",
          "text": "Fransa Cumhuriyeti",
          "translation": "the French Republic",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)",
        "of France, French"
      ],
      "id": "en-Fransa-tr-name-mDm-c0C6",
      "links": [
        [
          "France",
          "France#English:_Q142"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Western Europe",
          "Western Europe#English"
        ],
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ],
        [
          "France",
          "France"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)",
        "(attributively) of France, French"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[fɾ̞ä́n̪.s̪ä]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Fransa.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Fransa"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Turkish lemmas",
    "Turkish proper nouns",
    "Turkish terms derived from Classical Persian",
    "Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "French Republic",
      "translation": "French Republic",
      "word": "Fransa Cumhuriyeti"
    },
    {
      "english": "Kingdom of France",
      "translation": "Kingdom of France",
      "word": "Fransa Krallığı"
    },
    {
      "word": "Fransalı"
    },
    {
      "english": "Free France",
      "translation": "Free France",
      "word": "Özgür Fransa"
    },
    {
      "english": "Vichy France",
      "translation": "Vichy France",
      "word": "Vichy Fransası"
    },
    {
      "english": "New France",
      "translation": "New France",
      "word": "Yeni Fransa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "Firansa",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "tr": "Firansa"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "fa-cls",
        "3": "فرانسه",
        "tr": "farānsa"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Ottoman Turkish فرانسه (Firansa), from Classical Persian فرانسه (farānsa).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'yı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lara",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'da",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'dan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalardan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'lardan",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'nın",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tr-poss-prop-v-aı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarım",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larım",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ların",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'sı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'mız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarımız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larımız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'nız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransalarınız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'larınız",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'sı",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransaları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Fransa'ları",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Fransa",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "Fransa",
      "name": "tr-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "Fran",
        "sa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Turkish",
  "lang_code": "tr",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "French"
      ],
      "word": "Fransız"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "tr:Countries in Europe",
        "tr:France"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "France",
          "France#English:_Q142"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Western Europe",
          "Western Europe#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Turkish terms with usage examples",
        "tr:Countries in Europe",
        "tr:France"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the French Republic",
          "text": "Fransa Cumhuriyeti",
          "translation": "the French Republic",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)",
        "of France, French"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "France",
          "France#English:_Q142"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Western Europe",
          "Western Europe#English"
        ],
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ],
        [
          "France",
          "France"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)",
        "(attributively) of France, French"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[fɾ̞ä́n̪.s̪ä]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Fransa.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-Fransa.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Fransa"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Fransa meaning in Turkish (6.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Turkish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.