See Rubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, blackberry bush"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus (“bramble, blackberry bush”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rubus (“bramble, blackberry bush”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "Rubus",
"nogendercat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Rubus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomic names (genus)",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomic names (genus)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
128,
133
]
],
"ref": "2012 July 19, “Rubus Diversity and Obscurity…Batology!”, in The Fruit Nut (in English):",
"text": "There seems to be a term for just about everything… it turns out there’s even a term for the scientific study of members of the Rubus genus— batology. No, not the study of bats. In exploring batology you’ll find that the most commonly cultivated brambles come from a complex lineage…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic genus within the family Rosaceae – brambles, including raspberry and blackberry."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "superkingdom",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "kingdom",
"word": "Plantae"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subkingdom",
"word": "Viridiplantae"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "infrakingdom",
"word": "Streptophyta"
},
{
"english": "superphylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "superphylum",
"word": "Embryophyta"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "phylum",
"word": "Tracheophyta"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subphylum",
"word": "Spermatophytina"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "angiosperms"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "eudicots"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "core eudicots"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "rosids"
},
{
"english": "clades",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "clades",
"word": "fabids"
},
{
"english": "order",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "order",
"word": "Rosales"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "family",
"word": "Rosaceae"
},
{
"english": "subfamily",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subfamily",
"word": "Rosoideae"
},
{
"english": "tribe",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "tribe",
"word": "Rubeae"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "type species",
"translation": "type species",
"word": "Rubus fruticosus"
},
{
"alt": "cloudberry",
"word": "Rubus chamaemorus"
},
{
"english": "red raspberry",
"translation": "red raspberry",
"word": "Rubus idaeus"
},
{
"english": "European dewberry",
"translation": "European dewberry",
"word": "Rubus caesius"
},
{
"english": "garden dewberry",
"translation": "garden dewberry",
"word": "Rubus aboriginum"
},
{
"english": "Allegheny blackberry",
"translation": "Allegheny blackberry",
"word": "Rubus allegheniensis"
},
{
"english": "Arctic raspberry",
"translation": "Arctic raspberry",
"word": "Rubus arcticus"
},
{
"english": "sawtooth blackberry",
"translation": "sawtooth blackberry",
"word": "Rubus argutus"
},
{
"english": "Himalayan blackberry",
"translation": "Himalayan blackberry",
"word": "Rubus armeniacus"
},
{
"english": "smooth blackberry",
"translation": "smooth blackberry",
"word": "Rubus canadensis"
},
{
"english": "white-stemmed bramble",
"translation": "white-stemmed bramble",
"word": "Rubus cockburnianus"
},
{
"alt": "Kprean black raspberry, bokbunja",
"word": "Rubus coreanus"
},
{
"english": "Korean raspberry",
"translation": "Korean raspberry",
"word": "Rubus crataegifolius"
},
{
"word": "Rubus deliciosus"
},
{
"word": "Rubus domingensis"
},
{
"english": "yellow Himalayan raspberry",
"translation": "yellow Himalayan raspberry",
"word": "Rubus ellipticus"
},
{
"english": "northern dewberry",
"translation": "northern dewberry",
"word": "Rubus flagellaris"
},
{
"english": "mountain raspberry",
"translation": "mountain raspberry",
"word": "Rubus fraxinifolius"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Andes berry",
"word": "Rubus glaucus"
},
{
"english": "Hawaii blackberry, Hawaiian raspberry",
"translation": "Hawaii blackberry, Hawaiian raspberry",
"word": "Rubus hawaiensis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus hayata-koidzumii"
},
{
"english": "swamp dewberry",
"translation": "swamp dewberry",
"word": "Rubus hispidus"
},
{
"english": "strawberry raspberry",
"translation": "strawberry raspberry",
"word": "Rubus illecebrosus"
},
{
"english": "cut-leaved blackberry",
"translation": "cut-leaved blackberry",
"word": "Rubus laciniatus"
},
{
"english": "whitebark raspberry",
"translation": "whitebark raspberry",
"word": "Rubus leucodermis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus moluccanus"
},
{
"word": "Rubus nepalensis"
},
{
"english": "snow raspberry",
"translation": "snow raspberry",
"word": "Rubus nivalis"
},
{
"alt": "Myspre raspberry, hill raspberry, snowpeaks raspberry",
"word": "Rubus niveus"
},
{
"english": "black raspberry",
"translation": "black raspberry",
"word": "Rubus occidentalis"
},
{
"english": "purple-flowered raspberry",
"translation": "purple-flowered raspberry",
"word": "Rubus odoratus"
},
{
"alt": "thimbleberry",
"word": "Rubus parviflorus"
},
{
"alt": "five-leaved bramble, strawberry-leaf raspberry, creeping raspberry",
"word": "Rubus pedatus"
},
{
"english": "Pennsylvania blackberry",
"translation": "Pennsylvania blackberry",
"word": "Rubus pensilvanicus"
},
{
"alt": "wineberry",
"word": "Rubus phoenicolasius"
},
{
"english": "Queensland raspberry",
"translation": "Queensland raspberry",
"word": "Rubus probus"
},
{
"english": "dwarf raspberry",
"translation": "dwarf raspberry",
"word": "Rubus pubescens"
},
{
"english": "rose-leaf bramble",
"translation": "rose-leaf bramble",
"word": "Rubus rosifolius"
},
{
"english": "stone bramble",
"translation": "stone bramble",
"word": "Rubus saxatilis"
},
{
"alt": "salmonberry",
"word": "Rubus spectabilis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus tricolor"
},
{
"english": "Southern dewberry",
"translation": "Southern dewberry",
"word": "Rubus trivialis"
},
{
"english": "elm-leaved blackberry",
"translation": "elm-leaved blackberry",
"word": "Rubus ulmifolius"
},
{
"english": "trailing blackberry",
"translation": "trailing blackberry",
"word": "Rubus ursinus"
},
{
"english": "selected other species",
"translation": "selected other species",
"word": "Rubus vestitus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Anoplobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Chamaebatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Chamaemorus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Comaropsis"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Cyclactis"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Diemenicus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Dalibardastrum"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Idaeobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Lampobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Malachobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Micranthobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Orobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Rubus - subgenera"
}
],
"id": "en-Rubus-mul-name-629W2amD",
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Rosaceae",
"Rosaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Rubus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, blackberry bush"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus (“bramble, blackberry bush”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rubus (“bramble, blackberry bush”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "Rubus",
"nogendercat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Rubus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "superkingdom",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "kingdom",
"word": "Plantae"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subkingdom",
"word": "Viridiplantae"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "infrakingdom",
"word": "Streptophyta"
},
{
"english": "superphylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "superphylum",
"word": "Embryophyta"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "phylum",
"word": "Tracheophyta"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subphylum",
"word": "Spermatophytina"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "angiosperms"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "eudicots"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "core eudicots"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "rosids"
},
{
"english": "clades",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "clades",
"word": "fabids"
},
{
"english": "order",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "order",
"word": "Rosales"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "family",
"word": "Rosaceae"
},
{
"english": "subfamily",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "subfamily",
"word": "Rosoideae"
},
{
"english": "tribe",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "tribe",
"word": "Rubeae"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "type species",
"translation": "type species",
"word": "Rubus fruticosus"
},
{
"alt": "cloudberry",
"word": "Rubus chamaemorus"
},
{
"english": "red raspberry",
"translation": "red raspberry",
"word": "Rubus idaeus"
},
{
"english": "European dewberry",
"translation": "European dewberry",
"word": "Rubus caesius"
},
{
"english": "garden dewberry",
"translation": "garden dewberry",
"word": "Rubus aboriginum"
},
{
"english": "Allegheny blackberry",
"translation": "Allegheny blackberry",
"word": "Rubus allegheniensis"
},
{
"english": "Arctic raspberry",
"translation": "Arctic raspberry",
"word": "Rubus arcticus"
},
{
"english": "sawtooth blackberry",
"translation": "sawtooth blackberry",
"word": "Rubus argutus"
},
{
"english": "Himalayan blackberry",
"translation": "Himalayan blackberry",
"word": "Rubus armeniacus"
},
{
"english": "smooth blackberry",
"translation": "smooth blackberry",
"word": "Rubus canadensis"
},
{
"english": "white-stemmed bramble",
"translation": "white-stemmed bramble",
"word": "Rubus cockburnianus"
},
{
"alt": "Kprean black raspberry, bokbunja",
"word": "Rubus coreanus"
},
{
"english": "Korean raspberry",
"translation": "Korean raspberry",
"word": "Rubus crataegifolius"
},
{
"word": "Rubus deliciosus"
},
{
"word": "Rubus domingensis"
},
{
"english": "yellow Himalayan raspberry",
"translation": "yellow Himalayan raspberry",
"word": "Rubus ellipticus"
},
{
"english": "northern dewberry",
"translation": "northern dewberry",
"word": "Rubus flagellaris"
},
{
"english": "mountain raspberry",
"translation": "mountain raspberry",
"word": "Rubus fraxinifolius"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Andes berry",
"word": "Rubus glaucus"
},
{
"english": "Hawaii blackberry, Hawaiian raspberry",
"translation": "Hawaii blackberry, Hawaiian raspberry",
"word": "Rubus hawaiensis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus hayata-koidzumii"
},
{
"english": "swamp dewberry",
"translation": "swamp dewberry",
"word": "Rubus hispidus"
},
{
"english": "strawberry raspberry",
"translation": "strawberry raspberry",
"word": "Rubus illecebrosus"
},
{
"english": "cut-leaved blackberry",
"translation": "cut-leaved blackberry",
"word": "Rubus laciniatus"
},
{
"english": "whitebark raspberry",
"translation": "whitebark raspberry",
"word": "Rubus leucodermis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus moluccanus"
},
{
"word": "Rubus nepalensis"
},
{
"english": "snow raspberry",
"translation": "snow raspberry",
"word": "Rubus nivalis"
},
{
"alt": "Myspre raspberry, hill raspberry, snowpeaks raspberry",
"word": "Rubus niveus"
},
{
"english": "black raspberry",
"translation": "black raspberry",
"word": "Rubus occidentalis"
},
{
"english": "purple-flowered raspberry",
"translation": "purple-flowered raspberry",
"word": "Rubus odoratus"
},
{
"alt": "thimbleberry",
"word": "Rubus parviflorus"
},
{
"alt": "five-leaved bramble, strawberry-leaf raspberry, creeping raspberry",
"word": "Rubus pedatus"
},
{
"english": "Pennsylvania blackberry",
"translation": "Pennsylvania blackberry",
"word": "Rubus pensilvanicus"
},
{
"alt": "wineberry",
"word": "Rubus phoenicolasius"
},
{
"english": "Queensland raspberry",
"translation": "Queensland raspberry",
"word": "Rubus probus"
},
{
"english": "dwarf raspberry",
"translation": "dwarf raspberry",
"word": "Rubus pubescens"
},
{
"english": "rose-leaf bramble",
"translation": "rose-leaf bramble",
"word": "Rubus rosifolius"
},
{
"english": "stone bramble",
"translation": "stone bramble",
"word": "Rubus saxatilis"
},
{
"alt": "salmonberry",
"word": "Rubus spectabilis"
},
{
"word": "Rubus tricolor"
},
{
"english": "Southern dewberry",
"translation": "Southern dewberry",
"word": "Rubus trivialis"
},
{
"english": "elm-leaved blackberry",
"translation": "elm-leaved blackberry",
"word": "Rubus ulmifolius"
},
{
"english": "trailing blackberry",
"translation": "trailing blackberry",
"word": "Rubus ursinus"
},
{
"english": "selected other species",
"translation": "selected other species",
"word": "Rubus vestitus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Anoplobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Chamaebatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Chamaemorus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Comaropsis"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Cyclactis"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Diemenicus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Dalibardastrum"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Idaeobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Lampobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Malachobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Micranthobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Orobatus"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Rubus subg. Rubus - subgenera"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual proper nouns",
"Translingual terms derived from Latin",
"Translingual terms with quotations",
"mul:Taxonomic names (genus)"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
128,
133
]
],
"ref": "2012 July 19, “Rubus Diversity and Obscurity…Batology!”, in The Fruit Nut (in English):",
"text": "There seems to be a term for just about everything… it turns out there’s even a term for the scientific study of members of the Rubus genus— batology. No, not the study of bats. In exploring batology you’ll find that the most commonly cultivated brambles come from a complex lineage…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic genus within the family Rosaceae – brambles, including raspberry and blackberry."
],
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Rosaceae",
"Rosaceae#Translingual"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "Rubus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Rubus meaning in Translingual (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Translingual dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.