See Passeriformes in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"2": "Passer",
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"etymology_text": "Passer + -iformes",
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"expansion": "Passeriformes",
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}
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"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
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"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic order within the class Reptilia – all passerines, including the perching birds or songbirds."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Animalia"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Bilateria"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Deuterostomia"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Chordata"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Vertebrata"
},
{
"english": "infraphylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Gnathostomata"
},
{
"sense": "order",
"tags": [
"class"
],
"word": "Reptilia"
},
{
"english": "subclass",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Aves"
},
{
"english": "infraclass",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Neognathae"
},
{
"english": "superorder",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Neoaves"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "New Zealand wren and riflemen",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acanthisittidae"
},
{
"alt": "thornbill, pilotbird, fernwren, mouse-warbler, rockwarbler, scrubwren, whiteface, gerygone, weebill, scrubtit, fieldwren, and heathwren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acanthizidae"
},
{
"alt": "acrocephalid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acrocephalidae"
},
{
"alt": "bushtit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Aegithalidae"
},
{
"alt": "iora",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Aegithinidae"
},
{
"english": "lark",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Alaudidae"
},
{
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"taxonomic": "Alcippe fulvetta",
"word": "Alcippeidae"
},
{
"alt": "butcherbird, black butcherbird, woodswallow, currawong, shieldbill, and Australian magpie",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Artamidae"
},
{
"alt": "scrubbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Atrichornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "Malagasy warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Bernieridae"
},
{
"alt": "waxwing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Bombycillidae"
},
{
"alt": "oxpecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Buphagidae"
},
{
"alt": "longspur, snow bunting, and McKay's bunting",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calcariidae"
},
{
"alt": "kōkako and saddleback",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Callaeidae"
},
{
"english": "African and green broadbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calyptomenidae"
},
{
"alt": "chat-tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calyptophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "cuckooshrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Campephagidae"
},
{
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"tags": [
"cardinal"
],
"word": "Cardinalidae"
},
{
"alt": "treecreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Certhiidae"
},
{
"alt": "cettid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cettiidae"
},
{
"english": "rock-jumper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Chaetopidae"
},
{
"alt": "leafbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Chloropseidae"
},
{
"english": "dipper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cinclidae"
},
{
"alt": "quail-thrush and jewel-babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cinclosomatidae"
},
{
"alt": "cisticolid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cisticolidae"
},
{
"alt": "Australasian treecreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Climacteridae"
},
{
"alt": "satinbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cnemophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "gnateater",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Conopophagidae"
},
{
"alt": "mudnester",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Corcoracidae"
},
{
"alt": "crow, raven, jay, magpie, rook, nutcracker, jackdaw, chough, and treepie",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Corvidae"
},
{
"alt": "cotinga",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cotingidae"
},
{
"alt": "bristlebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dasyornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "flowerpecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dicaeidae"
},
{
"alt": "drongo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dicruridae"
},
{
"alt": "donacobius",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Donacobiidae"
},
{
"alt": "palmchat",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dulidae"
},
{
"alt": "elachura",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Elachuridae"
},
{
"english": "bunting",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Emberizidae"
},
{
"english": "yellow flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Erythrocercidae"
},
{
"alt": "waxbill, munia, parrotfinch, mannikin, and firefinch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Estrildidae"
},
{
"alt": "wattled ploughbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eulacestomatidae"
},
{
"alt": "rail-babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eupetidae"
},
{
"alt": "Asian and Grauer's broadbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eurylaimidae"
},
{
"alt": "shriketit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Falcunculidae"
},
{
"alt": "antthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Formicariidae"
},
{
"alt": "finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Fringillidae"
},
{
"alt": "ovenbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Furnariidae"
},
{
"alt": "antpitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Grallariidae"
},
{
"english": "swallow, martin, and saw-wing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hirundinidae"
},
{
"alt": "hylia",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hyliidae"
},
{
"alt": "hyliota",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hyliotidae"
},
{
"alt": "hylocitrea",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hylocitreidae"
},
{
"alt": "hypocolius",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hypocoliidae"
},
{
"alt": "New World blackbird, New World oriole, meadowlark, cowbird, grackle, bobolink, cacique, oropendola, marshbird, and baywing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Icteridae"
},
{
"english": "yellow-breasted chat",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Icteriidae"
},
{
"english": "blue-capped ifrit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ifritidae"
},
{
"english": "fairy bluebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Irenidae"
},
{
"alt": "shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Laniidae"
},
{
"alt": "laughingthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Leiothrichidae"
},
{
"alt": "locustellid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Locustellidae"
},
{
"alt": "boatbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Machaerirhynchidae"
},
{
"english": "African warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Macrosphenidae"
},
{
"english": "bush shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Malaconotidae"
},
{
"alt": "fairywren, grasswren, and emu-wren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Maluridae"
},
{
"alt": "melampitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melampittidae"
},
{
"alt": "berrypecker and longbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melanocharitidae"
},
{
"alt": "crescentchest",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melanopareiidae"
},
{
"alt": "honeyeater",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Meliphagidae"
},
{
"alt": "lyrebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Menuridae"
},
{
"alt": "mockingbird, thrasher, trembler, and catbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mimidae"
},
{
"alt": "mitrospingid tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mitrospingidae"
},
{
"alt": "dapple-throat, spot-throat, and grey-chested babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Modulatricidae"
},
{
"alt": "whitehead, mohua, and pipipi",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mohouidae"
},
{
"english": "monarch flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Monarchidae"
},
{
"alt": "wagtail, longclaw, and pipit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Motacillidae"
},
{
"english": "Old World flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Muscicapidae"
},
{
"alt": "sunbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nectariniidae"
},
{
"alt": "sittella",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Neosittidae"
},
{
"english": "Puerto Rican tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nesospingidae"
},
{
"alt": "nicator",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nicatoridae"
},
{
"alt": "stitchbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Notiomystidae"
},
{
"alt": "royal flycatcher, myiobius, and ruddy-tailed flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Onychorhynchidae"
},
{
"alt": "rufous-naped, piping, and crested bellbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oreoicidae"
},
{
"alt": "Old World oriole, pitohui, and figbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oriolidae"
},
{
"alt": "logrunner",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Orthonychidae"
},
{
"alt": "sharpbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oxyruncidae"
},
{
"alt": "whistler, shrikethrush, black pitohui, rusty pitohui, and white-bellied pitohui",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pachycephalidae"
},
{
"english": "bearded tit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Panuridae"
},
{
"alt": "birds-of-paradise",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paradisaeidae"
},
{
"alt": "parrotbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paradoxornithidae"
},
{
"english": "painted berrypecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paramythiidae"
},
{
"alt": "pardalote",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pardalotidae"
},
{
"alt": "tit, chickadee and titmice",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paridae"
},
{
"english": "New World warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Parulidae"
},
{
"english": "New World sparrow",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Passerellidae"
},
{
"english": "Old World sparrow",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Passeridae"
},
{
"english": "ground babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pellorneidae"
},
{
"english": "Australasian robin",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Petroicidae"
},
{
"english": "olive warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Peucedramidae"
},
{
"alt": "Hispaniolan tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Phaenicophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "asities",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Philepittidae"
},
{
"english": "leaf warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Phylloscopidae"
},
{
"alt": "rockfowl",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Picathartidae"
},
{
"alt": "manakin",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pipridae"
},
{
"alt": "pitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pittidae"
},
{
"alt": "bristlehead",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pityriaseidae"
},
{
"english": "crested jayshrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Platylophidae"
},
{
"alt": "wattle-eye, batis and white-tailed shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Platysteiridae"
},
{
"english": "weaverbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ploceidae"
},
{
"alt": "cupwing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pnoepygidae"
},
{
"alt": "gnatcatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Polioptilidae"
},
{
"alt": "Australo-Papuan babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pomatostomidae"
},
{
"alt": "sugarbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Promeropidae"
},
{
"alt": "accentor",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Prunellidae"
},
{
"alt": "whipbird and wedgebill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Psophodidae"
},
{
"alt": "silky-flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ptiliogonatidae"
},
{
"english": "bower bird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ptilonorhynchidae"
},
{
"alt": "bulbul",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pycnonotidae"
},
{
"alt": "kinglet",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Regulidae"
},
{
"alt": "penduline tit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Remizidae"
},
{
"english": "mottled berryhunter",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhagologidae"
},
{
"alt": "tapaculo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhinocryptidae"
},
{
"alt": "fantail and silktail",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhipiduridae"
},
{
"english": "rosy thrush-tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhodinocichlidae"
},
{
"english": "spotted creeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Salpornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "sapayoa",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sapayoidae"
},
{
"english": "streaked scrub warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Scotocercidae"
},
{
"alt": "nuthatch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sittidae"
},
{
"alt": "spindalis",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Spindalidae"
},
{
"english": "fairy flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Stenostiridae"
},
{
"alt": "starling",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sturnidae"
},
{
"alt": "sylviid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sylviidae"
},
{
"english": "Cuban warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Teretistridae"
},
{
"alt": "antbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Thamnophilidae"
},
{
"english": "true tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Thraupidae"
},
{
"alt": "wallcreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tichodromidae"
},
{
"alt": "babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Timaliidae"
},
{
"alt": "tityra, becard, schiffornis, mourner, purpletuft, laniisoma, and xenopsaris",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tityridae"
},
{
"alt": "wren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Troglodytidae"
},
{
"alt": "thrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Turdidae"
},
{
"english": "tyrant flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tyrannidae"
},
{
"alt": "Przewalski's finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Urocynchramidae"
},
{
"alt": "vanga",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Vangidae"
},
{
"alt": "indigobird, whydah, and cuckoo-finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Viduidae"
},
{
"alt": "vireo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Vireonidae"
},
{
"alt": "wrenthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Zeledoniidae"
},
{
"english": "extant families",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Zosteropidae"
}
],
"id": "en-Passeriformes-mul-name-ONCguVbF",
"links": [
[
"order",
"order#English"
],
[
"class",
"class#English"
],
[
"Reptilia",
"Reptilia#Translingual"
],
[
"passerine",
"passerine"
],
[
"perching",
"perch"
],
[
"songbird",
"songbird"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Passeriformes"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Passer",
"3": "iformes"
},
"expansion": "Passer + -iformes",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Passer + -iformes",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"nogendercat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Passeriformes",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Animalia"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Bilateria"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Deuterostomia"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Chordata"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Vertebrata"
},
{
"english": "infraphylum",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Gnathostomata"
},
{
"sense": "order",
"tags": [
"class"
],
"word": "Reptilia"
},
{
"english": "subclass",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Aves"
},
{
"english": "infraclass",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Neognathae"
},
{
"english": "superorder",
"sense": "order",
"word": "Neoaves"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "New Zealand wren and riflemen",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acanthisittidae"
},
{
"alt": "thornbill, pilotbird, fernwren, mouse-warbler, rockwarbler, scrubwren, whiteface, gerygone, weebill, scrubtit, fieldwren, and heathwren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acanthizidae"
},
{
"alt": "acrocephalid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Acrocephalidae"
},
{
"alt": "bushtit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Aegithalidae"
},
{
"alt": "iora",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Aegithinidae"
},
{
"english": "lark",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Alaudidae"
},
{
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"taxonomic": "Alcippe fulvetta",
"word": "Alcippeidae"
},
{
"alt": "butcherbird, black butcherbird, woodswallow, currawong, shieldbill, and Australian magpie",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Artamidae"
},
{
"alt": "scrubbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Atrichornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "Malagasy warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Bernieridae"
},
{
"alt": "waxwing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Bombycillidae"
},
{
"alt": "oxpecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Buphagidae"
},
{
"alt": "longspur, snow bunting, and McKay's bunting",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calcariidae"
},
{
"alt": "kōkako and saddleback",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Callaeidae"
},
{
"english": "African and green broadbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calyptomenidae"
},
{
"alt": "chat-tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Calyptophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "cuckooshrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Campephagidae"
},
{
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"tags": [
"cardinal"
],
"word": "Cardinalidae"
},
{
"alt": "treecreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Certhiidae"
},
{
"alt": "cettid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cettiidae"
},
{
"english": "rock-jumper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Chaetopidae"
},
{
"alt": "leafbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Chloropseidae"
},
{
"english": "dipper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cinclidae"
},
{
"alt": "quail-thrush and jewel-babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cinclosomatidae"
},
{
"alt": "cisticolid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cisticolidae"
},
{
"alt": "Australasian treecreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Climacteridae"
},
{
"alt": "satinbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cnemophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "gnateater",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Conopophagidae"
},
{
"alt": "mudnester",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Corcoracidae"
},
{
"alt": "crow, raven, jay, magpie, rook, nutcracker, jackdaw, chough, and treepie",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Corvidae"
},
{
"alt": "cotinga",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Cotingidae"
},
{
"alt": "bristlebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dasyornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "flowerpecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dicaeidae"
},
{
"alt": "drongo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dicruridae"
},
{
"alt": "donacobius",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Donacobiidae"
},
{
"alt": "palmchat",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Dulidae"
},
{
"alt": "elachura",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Elachuridae"
},
{
"english": "bunting",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Emberizidae"
},
{
"english": "yellow flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Erythrocercidae"
},
{
"alt": "waxbill, munia, parrotfinch, mannikin, and firefinch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Estrildidae"
},
{
"alt": "wattled ploughbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eulacestomatidae"
},
{
"alt": "rail-babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eupetidae"
},
{
"alt": "Asian and Grauer's broadbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Eurylaimidae"
},
{
"alt": "shriketit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Falcunculidae"
},
{
"alt": "antthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Formicariidae"
},
{
"alt": "finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Fringillidae"
},
{
"alt": "ovenbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Furnariidae"
},
{
"alt": "antpitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Grallariidae"
},
{
"english": "swallow, martin, and saw-wing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hirundinidae"
},
{
"alt": "hylia",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hyliidae"
},
{
"alt": "hyliota",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hyliotidae"
},
{
"alt": "hylocitrea",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hylocitreidae"
},
{
"alt": "hypocolius",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Hypocoliidae"
},
{
"alt": "New World blackbird, New World oriole, meadowlark, cowbird, grackle, bobolink, cacique, oropendola, marshbird, and baywing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Icteridae"
},
{
"english": "yellow-breasted chat",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Icteriidae"
},
{
"english": "blue-capped ifrit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ifritidae"
},
{
"english": "fairy bluebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Irenidae"
},
{
"alt": "shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Laniidae"
},
{
"alt": "laughingthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Leiothrichidae"
},
{
"alt": "locustellid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Locustellidae"
},
{
"alt": "boatbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Machaerirhynchidae"
},
{
"english": "African warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Macrosphenidae"
},
{
"english": "bush shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Malaconotidae"
},
{
"alt": "fairywren, grasswren, and emu-wren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Maluridae"
},
{
"alt": "melampitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melampittidae"
},
{
"alt": "berrypecker and longbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melanocharitidae"
},
{
"alt": "crescentchest",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Melanopareiidae"
},
{
"alt": "honeyeater",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Meliphagidae"
},
{
"alt": "lyrebird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Menuridae"
},
{
"alt": "mockingbird, thrasher, trembler, and catbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mimidae"
},
{
"alt": "mitrospingid tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mitrospingidae"
},
{
"alt": "dapple-throat, spot-throat, and grey-chested babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Modulatricidae"
},
{
"alt": "whitehead, mohua, and pipipi",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Mohouidae"
},
{
"english": "monarch flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Monarchidae"
},
{
"alt": "wagtail, longclaw, and pipit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Motacillidae"
},
{
"english": "Old World flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Muscicapidae"
},
{
"alt": "sunbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nectariniidae"
},
{
"alt": "sittella",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Neosittidae"
},
{
"english": "Puerto Rican tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nesospingidae"
},
{
"alt": "nicator",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Nicatoridae"
},
{
"alt": "stitchbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Notiomystidae"
},
{
"alt": "royal flycatcher, myiobius, and ruddy-tailed flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Onychorhynchidae"
},
{
"alt": "rufous-naped, piping, and crested bellbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oreoicidae"
},
{
"alt": "Old World oriole, pitohui, and figbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oriolidae"
},
{
"alt": "logrunner",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Orthonychidae"
},
{
"alt": "sharpbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Oxyruncidae"
},
{
"alt": "whistler, shrikethrush, black pitohui, rusty pitohui, and white-bellied pitohui",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pachycephalidae"
},
{
"english": "bearded tit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Panuridae"
},
{
"alt": "birds-of-paradise",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paradisaeidae"
},
{
"alt": "parrotbill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paradoxornithidae"
},
{
"english": "painted berrypecker",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paramythiidae"
},
{
"alt": "pardalote",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pardalotidae"
},
{
"alt": "tit, chickadee and titmice",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Paridae"
},
{
"english": "New World warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Parulidae"
},
{
"english": "New World sparrow",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Passerellidae"
},
{
"english": "Old World sparrow",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Passeridae"
},
{
"english": "ground babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pellorneidae"
},
{
"english": "Australasian robin",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Petroicidae"
},
{
"english": "olive warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Peucedramidae"
},
{
"alt": "Hispaniolan tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Phaenicophilidae"
},
{
"alt": "asities",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Philepittidae"
},
{
"english": "leaf warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Phylloscopidae"
},
{
"alt": "rockfowl",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Picathartidae"
},
{
"alt": "manakin",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pipridae"
},
{
"alt": "pitta",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pittidae"
},
{
"alt": "bristlehead",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pityriaseidae"
},
{
"english": "crested jayshrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Platylophidae"
},
{
"alt": "wattle-eye, batis and white-tailed shrike",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Platysteiridae"
},
{
"english": "weaverbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ploceidae"
},
{
"alt": "cupwing",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pnoepygidae"
},
{
"alt": "gnatcatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Polioptilidae"
},
{
"alt": "Australo-Papuan babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pomatostomidae"
},
{
"alt": "sugarbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Promeropidae"
},
{
"alt": "accentor",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Prunellidae"
},
{
"alt": "whipbird and wedgebill",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Psophodidae"
},
{
"alt": "silky-flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ptiliogonatidae"
},
{
"english": "bower bird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Ptilonorhynchidae"
},
{
"alt": "bulbul",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Pycnonotidae"
},
{
"alt": "kinglet",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Regulidae"
},
{
"alt": "penduline tit",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Remizidae"
},
{
"english": "mottled berryhunter",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhagologidae"
},
{
"alt": "tapaculo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhinocryptidae"
},
{
"alt": "fantail and silktail",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhipiduridae"
},
{
"english": "rosy thrush-tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Rhodinocichlidae"
},
{
"english": "spotted creeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Salpornithidae"
},
{
"alt": "sapayoa",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sapayoidae"
},
{
"english": "streaked scrub warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Scotocercidae"
},
{
"alt": "nuthatch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sittidae"
},
{
"alt": "spindalis",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Spindalidae"
},
{
"english": "fairy flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Stenostiridae"
},
{
"alt": "starling",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sturnidae"
},
{
"alt": "sylviid warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Sylviidae"
},
{
"english": "Cuban warbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Teretistridae"
},
{
"alt": "antbird",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Thamnophilidae"
},
{
"english": "true tanager",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Thraupidae"
},
{
"alt": "wallcreeper",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tichodromidae"
},
{
"alt": "babbler",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Timaliidae"
},
{
"alt": "tityra, becard, schiffornis, mourner, purpletuft, laniisoma, and xenopsaris",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tityridae"
},
{
"alt": "wren",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Troglodytidae"
},
{
"alt": "thrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Turdidae"
},
{
"english": "tyrant flycatcher",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Tyrannidae"
},
{
"alt": "Przewalski's finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Urocynchramidae"
},
{
"alt": "vanga",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Vangidae"
},
{
"alt": "indigobird, whydah, and cuckoo-finch",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Viduidae"
},
{
"alt": "vireo",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Vireonidae"
},
{
"alt": "wrenthrush",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Zeledoniidae"
},
{
"english": "extant families",
"sense": "(order): Acanthisitti, Passeri, Tyranni – suborders",
"word": "Zosteropidae"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (suborder)",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual proper nouns",
"Translingual terms suffixed with -iformes",
"mul:Taxonomic names (order)"
],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic order within the class Reptilia – all passerines, including the perching birds or songbirds."
],
"links": [
[
"order",
"order#English"
],
[
"class",
"class#English"
],
[
"Reptilia",
"Reptilia#Translingual"
],
[
"passerine",
"passerine"
],
[
"perching",
"perch"
],
[
"songbird",
"songbird"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Passeriformes"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Passeriformes meaning in Translingual (19.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Translingual dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.