"สนม" meaning in Thai

See สนม in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/ [standard] Forms: sà-nǒm [romanization]
Etymology: Uncertain. Etymology templates: {{unc|th}} Uncertain Head templates: {{th-adj|-}} สนม • (sà-nǒm)
  1. undefined, found only in compounds. Derived forms: สนิทสนม
    Sense id: en-สนม-th-adj-60Mzx1fv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: /sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/ [standard] Forms: sà-nǒm [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm) or ស្នម (snɑɑm). Etymology templates: {{bor|th|okz|ស្នំ|gloss=female palace attendant; royal concubine|tr=snaṃ}} Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”), {{cog|km|ស្នំ}} Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm) Head templates: {{th-noun}} สนม • (sà-nǒm)
  1. (archaic) female palace attendant. Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Female, Royal residences
    Sense id: en-สนม-th-noun-EbDtbNiB Disambiguation of Female: 0 58 40 1 1 Disambiguation of Royal residences: 4 29 5 35 27
  2. (พระ~) royal concubine.
    Sense id: en-สนม-th-noun-DRzbCZ3w
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: โขลนสนม, สนมเอก (sà-nǒm-èek)
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/ [standard] Forms: sà-nǒm [romanization]
Etymology: From Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នុំ (snom). Etymology templates: {{bor|th|okz|ស្នុំ|gloss=one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation|tr=snuṃ}} Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”), {{cog|km|ស្នុំ}} Khmer ស្នុំ (snom) Head templates: {{th-noun}} สนม • (sà-nǒm)
  1. (archaic) officer responsible for funeral affairs in a palace, such as arranging funerals, shrouding corpses, taking care of pyres and coffins, etc. Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Monarchy, Royal residences
    Sense id: en-สนม-th-noun-4MGvRyzH Disambiguation of Monarchy: 4 25 6 39 27 Disambiguation of Royal residences: 4 29 5 35 27 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Thai entries with incorrect language header, Thai terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 12 10 4 49 25 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 6 7 2 52 33 Disambiguation of Thai entries with incorrect language header: 11 17 7 41 25 Disambiguation of Thai terms with redundant script codes: 12 24 9 40 15
  2. (archaic) palace area under the responsibility of these officers, often used to detain or imprison high-ranking members of the royal family or government. Tags: archaic Categories (topical): Royal residences
    Sense id: en-สนม-th-noun-yQ9Lax5b Disambiguation of Royal residences: 4 29 5 35 27
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ขุนสนม, เจ้าพนักงานสนมพลเรือน, ติดสนม, สนมพลเรือน
Etymology number: 2
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "โขลนสนม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sà-nǒm-èek",
      "word": "สนมเอก"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "ស្នំ",
        "gloss": "female palace attendant; royal concubine",
        "tr": "snaṃ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ស្នំ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm) or ស្នម (snɑɑm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 58 40 1 1",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Female",
          "orig": "th:Female",
          "parents": [
            "Gender",
            "Biology",
            "Psychology",
            "Sociology",
            "Sciences",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 5 35 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Royal residences",
          "orig": "th:Royal residences",
          "parents": [
            "Housing",
            "Monarchy",
            "Buildings",
            "Home",
            "Forms of government",
            "High society",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Society",
            "Government",
            "Architecture",
            "All topics",
            "Politics",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "female palace attendant."
      ],
      "id": "en-สนม-th-noun-EbDtbNiB",
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "attendant",
          "attendant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) female palace attendant."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "royal concubine."
      ],
      "id": "en-สนม-th-noun-DRzbCZ3w",
      "links": [
        [
          "พระ",
          "พระ#Thai"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "concubine",
          "concubine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(พระ~) royal concubine."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ขุนสนม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "เจ้าพนักงานสนมพลเรือน"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ติดสนม"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "สนมพลเรือน"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "ស្នុំ",
        "gloss": "one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation",
        "tr": "snuṃ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ស្នុំ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ស្នុំ (snom)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នុំ (snom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 4 49 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 7 2 52 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 17 7 41 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 24 9 40 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 6 39 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Monarchy",
          "orig": "th:Monarchy",
          "parents": [
            "Forms of government",
            "High society",
            "Government",
            "Society",
            "Politics",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 5 35 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Royal residences",
          "orig": "th:Royal residences",
          "parents": [
            "Housing",
            "Monarchy",
            "Buildings",
            "Home",
            "Forms of government",
            "High society",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Society",
            "Government",
            "Architecture",
            "All topics",
            "Politics",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "officer responsible for funeral affairs in a palace, such as arranging funerals, shrouding corpses, taking care of pyres and coffins, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-สนม-th-noun-4MGvRyzH",
      "links": [
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "responsible",
          "responsible"
        ],
        [
          "funeral",
          "funeral"
        ],
        [
          "affair",
          "affair"
        ],
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "arrang",
          "arrange"
        ],
        [
          "shroud",
          "shroud"
        ],
        [
          "corpse",
          "corpse"
        ],
        [
          "taking care",
          "take care"
        ],
        [
          "pyre",
          "pyre"
        ],
        [
          "coffin",
          "coffin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) officer responsible for funeral affairs in a palace, such as arranging funerals, shrouding corpses, taking care of pyres and coffins, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 5 35 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Royal residences",
          "orig": "th:Royal residences",
          "parents": [
            "Housing",
            "Monarchy",
            "Buildings",
            "Home",
            "Forms of government",
            "High society",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Society",
            "Government",
            "Architecture",
            "All topics",
            "Politics",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "palace area under the responsibility of these officers, often used to detain or imprison high-ranking members of the royal family or government."
      ],
      "id": "en-สนม-th-noun-yQ9Lax5b",
      "links": [
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "responsibility",
          "responsibility"
        ],
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "detain",
          "detain"
        ],
        [
          "imprison",
          "imprison"
        ],
        [
          "high-ranking",
          "high-ranking"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "royal family",
          "royal family"
        ],
        [
          "government",
          "government"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) palace area under the responsibility of these officers, often used to detain or imprison high-ranking members of the royal family or government."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "สนิทสนม"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "undefined, found only in compounds."
      ],
      "id": "en-สนม-th-adj-60Mzx1fv",
      "links": [
        [
          "undefine",
          "undefine#English"
        ],
        [
          "found",
          "found#English"
        ],
        [
          "only",
          "only#English"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Thai/om",
    "Thai 2-syllable words",
    "Thai adjectives",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "Thai terms with unknown etymologies",
    "th:Female",
    "th:Monarchy",
    "th:Royal residences"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "โขลนสนม"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sà-nǒm-èek",
      "word": "สนมเอก"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "ស្នំ",
        "gloss": "female palace attendant; royal concubine",
        "tr": "snaṃ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ស្នំ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ស្នំ (snaṃ, “female palace attendant; royal concubine”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នំ (snɑm) or ស្នម (snɑɑm).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "female palace attendant."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "female",
          "female"
        ],
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "attendant",
          "attendant"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) female palace attendant."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "royal concubine."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "พระ",
          "พระ#Thai"
        ],
        [
          "royal",
          "royal"
        ],
        [
          "concubine",
          "concubine"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(พระ~) royal concubine."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Thai/om",
    "Thai 2-syllable words",
    "Thai adjectives",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "Thai terms with unknown etymologies",
    "th:Female",
    "th:Monarchy",
    "th:Royal residences"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ขุนสนม"
    },
    {
      "word": "เจ้าพนักงานสนมพลเรือน"
    },
    {
      "word": "ติดสนม"
    },
    {
      "word": "สนมพลเรือน"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "ស្នុំ",
        "gloss": "one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation",
        "tr": "snuṃ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ស្នុំ"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ស្នុំ (snom)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Khmer ស្នុំ (snuṃ, “one who stacks combustibles into a pyre; one who shrouds a corpse prior to cremation”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ស្នុំ (snom).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "officer responsible for funeral affairs in a palace, such as arranging funerals, shrouding corpses, taking care of pyres and coffins, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "responsible",
          "responsible"
        ],
        [
          "funeral",
          "funeral"
        ],
        [
          "affair",
          "affair"
        ],
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "arrang",
          "arrange"
        ],
        [
          "shroud",
          "shroud"
        ],
        [
          "corpse",
          "corpse"
        ],
        [
          "taking care",
          "take care"
        ],
        [
          "pyre",
          "pyre"
        ],
        [
          "coffin",
          "coffin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) officer responsible for funeral affairs in a palace, such as arranging funerals, shrouding corpses, taking care of pyres and coffins, etc."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "palace area under the responsibility of these officers, often used to detain or imprison high-ranking members of the royal family or government."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "palace",
          "palace"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "under",
          "under"
        ],
        [
          "responsibility",
          "responsibility"
        ],
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "detain",
          "detain"
        ],
        [
          "imprison",
          "imprison"
        ],
        [
          "high-ranking",
          "high-ranking"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "royal family",
          "royal family"
        ],
        [
          "government",
          "government"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) palace area under the responsibility of these officers, often used to detain or imprison high-ranking members of the royal family or government."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Thai/om",
    "Thai 2-syllable words",
    "Thai adjectives",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "Thai terms with unknown etymologies",
    "th:Female",
    "th:Monarchy",
    "th:Royal residences"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "สนิทสนม"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sà-nǒm",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "สนม • (sà-nǒm)",
      "name": "th-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "undefined, found only in compounds."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "undefine",
          "undefine#English"
        ],
        [
          "found",
          "found#English"
        ],
        [
          "only",
          "only#English"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sa˨˩.nom˩˩˦/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "สนม"
}

Download raw JSONL data for สนม meaning in Thai (5.8kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <table> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "สนม"
  ],
  "section": "Thai",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "สนม",
  "trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 4"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </tr>",
  "path": [
    "สนม"
  ],
  "section": "Thai",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "สนม",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </table>",
  "path": [
    "สนม"
  ],
  "section": "Thai",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "สนม",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: พระ~",
  "path": [
    "สนม"
  ],
  "section": "Thai",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "สนม",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: พระ~",
  "path": [
    "สนม"
  ],
  "section": "Thai",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "สนม",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.