See พิรุธ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "การพิรุธ",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút) (abstract noun การพิรุธ)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 40 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 31 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 30 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค), “๕๓. ทำสังคายนาพระไตรปิฎก”, in สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมพระยาดำรงราชานุภาพ, editor, พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ ๑, 6th edition, Bangkok: กองวรรณคดีและประวัติศาสตร์ กรมศิลปากร, published 1988, retrieved 2019-06-08",
"text": "พระเจ้าอยู่หัว...ถามพระราชาคณะทั้งปวงว่า พระไตรปิฎกธรรมทุกวันนี้ยังถูกต้องบริบูรณ์อยู่หรือพิรุธผิดเพี้ยนประการใด\nprá jâao-yùu-hǔua ... tǎam prá raa-chaa-ká-ná táng-bpuuang wâa · prá dtrai-bpì-dòk-gà tam túk-wan-níi yang tùuk-dtɔ̂ng bɔɔ-rí-buun yùu rʉ̌ʉ pí-rút pìt-píian bprà-gaan dai\nHis Majesty the Lord Over the Heads...asked all the Holy Patriarchs if the dharma in the Three Holy Canons nowadays was still correct and complete or had become corrupted and inaccurate in any manner.\nพระธรรมทินเถรเจ้าผู้เป็นมหาเถรอยู่ ณ เมืองนพีสีนคร คือ เมืองเชียงใหม่ พิจารณาเห็นว่า พระไตรปิฎกพิรุธมาก...จึงถวายพระพรแก่พระเจ้าศิริธรรมจักรวรรดิ์ดิลกราชซึ่งเสวยราชสมบัติ ณ เมืองเชียงใหม่ว่า จะชำระพระปริยัติธรรมให้บริบูรณ์\nprá tam-má tin-ná těe-rá jâao pûu bpen má-hǎa-těen yùu · nɔɔ · mʉʉang ná-pii-sǐi ná-kɔɔn · kʉʉ · mʉʉang chiiang-mài · pí-jaa-rá-naa hěn wâa · prá dtrai-bpì-dòk pí-rút mâak ... jʉng tà-wǎai-prá-pɔɔn gɛ̀ɛ prá-jâao sì-rì tam-má jàk-grà-wàt dì-lók râat sʉ̂ng sà-wə̌əi râat-chá-sǒm-bàt · ná · mʉʉang chiiang-mài wâa · jà cham-rá prá bpà-rí-yát-dtì tam hâi bɔɔ-rí-buun\nHis Holiness Dharma Dina Thera the Lord, who was the High Priest in the Town of Nabīsī Nagara, that is, the Town of Chiang Mai, had considered and found that the Three Holy Canons were much corrupt... [He] then informed Holy Lord Śiri Dharma Cakravarti Tilaka Rāja, who enjoyed the kingship in the Town of Chiang Mai, that [he] would like to revise the Holy Pariyatti Dharma for [its] perfection.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1885, หลวงทวยหาญรักษา (เพิ่ม), “นิราศเมืองหลวงพระบาง”, in นิราศเมืองหลวงพระบาง และรายงานปราบเงี้ยว, 4th edition, Bangkok: สำนักวรรณกรรมและประวัติศาสตร์ กรมศิลปากร, published 2005, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nน้ำจะกินดินข้างใต้เอาใช้แช่ เป็นยาแก้ธาตุพิรุธช่วยอุดหนุน\nnáam jà gin din kâang dtâai ao chái chɛ̂ɛ · bpen yaa gɛ̂ɛ tâat pí-rút chûai ùt-nǔn\nUse the clay underneath to cool [your] drinking water – [this] is a medicine [which] heals [your] corrupt elements [and] helps support [your health].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2019 June 8 (last accessed), “๒๕ นิทานเรื่องนางกะเชอรั่ว”, in ประชุมปกรณัมภาคที่ ๕ นนทุกปกรณัม, Bangkok: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร, published 1926:\nสาขาพฤกษานี้พิรุธนักจะหักลง ขอเชิญเสด็จจงพลัน\nsǎa-kǎa prʉ́k-sǎa níi pí-rút nák jà hàk long · kɔ̌ɔ chəən sà-dèt jong plan\nThe branches of this tree are so dilapidated and likely to break down. [I] beg [you] to leave [the tree] at once.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to vary, to change, to undergo change; to be or become corrupt or perverted; to be or become inaccurate, incorrect, or imperfect; to be in or fall into bad or poor condition; to deteriorate; to depreciate; to decline in condition, value, etc."
],
"id": "en-พิรุธ-th-verb-p9CImTqf",
"links": [
[
"vary",
"vary"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
],
[
"pervert",
"pervert"
],
[
"inaccurate",
"inaccurate"
],
[
"incorrect",
"incorrect"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"depreciate",
"depreciate"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to vary, to change, to undergo change; to be or become corrupt or perverted; to be or become inaccurate, incorrect, or imperfect; to be in or fall into bad or poor condition; to deteriorate; to depreciate; to decline in condition, value, etc."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความพิรุธ",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút) (abstract noun ความพิรุธ)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 40 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2018, “คำพิพากษาศาลฎีกาที่ ๑๓๖๒/๒๕๖๑ ในคดีระหว่าง นางธันดา นิลภิรมย์ โจทก์ นางสาวเจนนี่ นิลภิรมย์ กับพวก จำเลย”, in สืบค้นฎีกา ๒๐๑๕, Bangkok: ศาลฎีกา, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nจำเลยที่ ๑ ให้การและให้การเพิ่มเติมต่อพนักงานสอบสวนแตกต่างกัน ทั้ง ๆ ที่จำเลยที่ ๑ เป็นผู้ศึกษาวิชากฎหมาย...นับว่าเป็นข้อพิรุธ\njam-ləəi tîi · nʉ̀ng · hâi-gaan lɛ́ hâi-gaan pə̂əm-dtəəm dtɔ̀ɔ pá-nák-ngaan-sɔ̀ɔp-sǔuan dtɛ̀ɛk-dtàang gan · táng táng tîi jam-ləəi tîi · nʉ̀ng · bpen pûu-sʉ̀k-sǎa wí-chaa gòt-mǎai ... náp wâa bpen kɔ̂ɔ pí-rút\nThe 1st Accused gave the inquiry official a reply and additional replies that are contrary to each other, even though the 1st Accused is a law student... [This is] deemed a questionable issue.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doubtful, questionable, suspicious; bearing a trace or sign of doubtfulness, questionability, or suspiciousness; indicating guilt, secret, wrong, or wrongfulness."
],
"id": "en-พิรุธ-th-adj-rfuc38yG",
"links": [
[
"doubtful",
"doubtful"
],
[
"questionable",
"questionable"
],
[
"suspicious",
"suspicious"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"doubtfulness",
"doubtfulness"
],
[
"questionability",
"questionability"
],
[
"suspiciousness",
"suspiciousness"
],
[
"indicating",
"indicate"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"wrongfulness",
"wrongfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 40 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 37 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2018, “คำพิพากษาศาลฎีกาที่ ๑๕๑๘/๒๕๖๑ ในคดีระหว่าง นายสุเทพย์ ปานบุญ ผู้ร้อง นายสัมฤทธิ์ ศรีเสริมวงศ์ ผู้คัดค้าน”, in สืบค้นฎีกา ๒๐๑๕, Bangkok: ศาลฎีกา, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nผู้คัดค้านยอมรับว่า ผู้ตายทำพินัยกรรมดังกล่าว แต่กล่าวอ้างข้อเท็จจริงใหม่ว่า...พินัยกรรมมีพิรุธ ผู้คัดค้านจึงมีภาระการพิสูจน์\npûu-kát-káan yɔɔm-ráp wâa · pûu-dtaai tam pí-nai-gam dang glàao · dtɛ̀ɛ glàao-âang kɔ̂ɔ-tét-jing mài wâa ... pí-nai-gam mii pí-rút · pûu-kát-káan jʉng mii paa-rá-gaan-pí-sùut\nThe Objector accepted that the Deceased made the will as said, but alleged a new fact that...the will had traces of questionability. The Objector thus bore the burden of proof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1944, สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมพระยาดำรงราชานุภาพ, “นิทานที่ ๙ เรื่องหนังสือหอหลวง”, in นิทานโบราณคดี, Bangkok: กรมศิลปากร, published 1944, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nคำโฆษณามีพิรุธเป็นข้อสำคัญอยู่อย่างหนึ่ง ด้วยตามปฏิทินจุลศักราช ๑๐๖๖ เป็นปีวอก มิใช่ปีชวดดังนายกุหลาบอ้าง\nkam-kôot-sà-naa mii pí-rút bpen kɔ̂ɔ sǎm-kan yùu yàang nʉ̀ng · dûai dtaam bpà-dtì-tin jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan hòk-sìp hòk · bpen bpii wɔ̂ɔk · mí châi bpii chûuat dang naai gù-làap âang\nThe notification had a significant sign of questionability, because, according to the calendar, 1066 Lesser Era was the Year of the Monkey, not the Year of the Rat as claimed by Nai Kulap.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Circa 15th century, โคลงยวนพ่าย, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2001) พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยอยุธยา โคลงยวนพ่าย (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, →ISBN, pages 139–140:\nมึงคือวัลเฝือแฝง มิ่งไม้ เคยกุํพิรุธมึง หลายเทื่อ เหลือที่อดไว้แท้ จึ่งทำ\nmʉng kʉʉ wal fʉ̌ʉa-fɛ̌ɛng · mîng-máai · kəəi gum pí-rút mʉng · lǎai tʉ̂ʉa · lʉ̌ʉa tîi òt wái tɛ́ɛ · jʉ̀ng tam\nThou art an ivy [creeping] behind a tree. For many times have [I] caught thy traces of guilt. [This is] truly beyond my tolerance, so [I have to] do [this unto thee].",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doubtfulness, questionability, suspiciousness; trace or sign thereof; trace or sign of guilt, secret, wrong, or wrongfulness."
],
"id": "en-พิรุธ-th-noun-ilRd~ENz",
"links": [
[
"doubtfulness",
"doubtfulness"
],
[
"questionability",
"questionability"
],
[
"suspiciousness",
"suspiciousness"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"wrongfulness",
"wrongfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ut̚",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "การพิรุธ",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút) (abstract noun การพิรุธ)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses",
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค), “๕๓. ทำสังคายนาพระไตรปิฎก”, in สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมพระยาดำรงราชานุภาพ, editor, พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ ๑, 6th edition, Bangkok: กองวรรณคดีและประวัติศาสตร์ กรมศิลปากร, published 1988, retrieved 2019-06-08",
"text": "พระเจ้าอยู่หัว...ถามพระราชาคณะทั้งปวงว่า พระไตรปิฎกธรรมทุกวันนี้ยังถูกต้องบริบูรณ์อยู่หรือพิรุธผิดเพี้ยนประการใด\nprá jâao-yùu-hǔua ... tǎam prá raa-chaa-ká-ná táng-bpuuang wâa · prá dtrai-bpì-dòk-gà tam túk-wan-níi yang tùuk-dtɔ̂ng bɔɔ-rí-buun yùu rʉ̌ʉ pí-rút pìt-píian bprà-gaan dai\nHis Majesty the Lord Over the Heads...asked all the Holy Patriarchs if the dharma in the Three Holy Canons nowadays was still correct and complete or had become corrupted and inaccurate in any manner.\nพระธรรมทินเถรเจ้าผู้เป็นมหาเถรอยู่ ณ เมืองนพีสีนคร คือ เมืองเชียงใหม่ พิจารณาเห็นว่า พระไตรปิฎกพิรุธมาก...จึงถวายพระพรแก่พระเจ้าศิริธรรมจักรวรรดิ์ดิลกราชซึ่งเสวยราชสมบัติ ณ เมืองเชียงใหม่ว่า จะชำระพระปริยัติธรรมให้บริบูรณ์\nprá tam-má tin-ná těe-rá jâao pûu bpen má-hǎa-těen yùu · nɔɔ · mʉʉang ná-pii-sǐi ná-kɔɔn · kʉʉ · mʉʉang chiiang-mài · pí-jaa-rá-naa hěn wâa · prá dtrai-bpì-dòk pí-rút mâak ... jʉng tà-wǎai-prá-pɔɔn gɛ̀ɛ prá-jâao sì-rì tam-má jàk-grà-wàt dì-lók râat sʉ̂ng sà-wə̌əi râat-chá-sǒm-bàt · ná · mʉʉang chiiang-mài wâa · jà cham-rá prá bpà-rí-yát-dtì tam hâi bɔɔ-rí-buun\nHis Holiness Dharma Dina Thera the Lord, who was the High Priest in the Town of Nabīsī Nagara, that is, the Town of Chiang Mai, had considered and found that the Three Holy Canons were much corrupt... [He] then informed Holy Lord Śiri Dharma Cakravarti Tilaka Rāja, who enjoyed the kingship in the Town of Chiang Mai, that [he] would like to revise the Holy Pariyatti Dharma for [its] perfection.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1885, หลวงทวยหาญรักษา (เพิ่ม), “นิราศเมืองหลวงพระบาง”, in นิราศเมืองหลวงพระบาง และรายงานปราบเงี้ยว, 4th edition, Bangkok: สำนักวรรณกรรมและประวัติศาสตร์ กรมศิลปากร, published 2005, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nน้ำจะกินดินข้างใต้เอาใช้แช่ เป็นยาแก้ธาตุพิรุธช่วยอุดหนุน\nnáam jà gin din kâang dtâai ao chái chɛ̂ɛ · bpen yaa gɛ̂ɛ tâat pí-rút chûai ùt-nǔn\nUse the clay underneath to cool [your] drinking water – [this] is a medicine [which] heals [your] corrupt elements [and] helps support [your health].",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "2019 June 8 (last accessed), “๒๕ นิทานเรื่องนางกะเชอรั่ว”, in ประชุมปกรณัมภาคที่ ๕ นนทุกปกรณัม, Bangkok: โรงพิมพ์โสภณพิพรรฒธนากร, published 1926:\nสาขาพฤกษานี้พิรุธนักจะหักลง ขอเชิญเสด็จจงพลัน\nsǎa-kǎa prʉ́k-sǎa níi pí-rút nák jà hàk long · kɔ̌ɔ chəən sà-dèt jong plan\nThe branches of this tree are so dilapidated and likely to break down. [I] beg [you] to leave [the tree] at once.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to vary, to change, to undergo change; to be or become corrupt or perverted; to be or become inaccurate, incorrect, or imperfect; to be in or fall into bad or poor condition; to deteriorate; to depreciate; to decline in condition, value, etc."
],
"links": [
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"vary"
],
[
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"change"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
],
[
"pervert",
"pervert"
],
[
"inaccurate",
"inaccurate"
],
[
"incorrect",
"incorrect"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
],
[
"condition",
"condition"
],
[
"deteriorate",
"deteriorate"
],
[
"depreciate",
"depreciate"
],
[
"decline",
"decline"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to vary, to change, to undergo change; to be or become corrupt or perverted; to be or become inaccurate, incorrect, or imperfect; to be in or fall into bad or poor condition; to deteriorate; to depreciate; to decline in condition, value, etc."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ut̚",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความพิรุธ",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút) (abstract noun ความพิรุธ)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2018, “คำพิพากษาศาลฎีกาที่ ๑๓๖๒/๒๕๖๑ ในคดีระหว่าง นางธันดา นิลภิรมย์ โจทก์ นางสาวเจนนี่ นิลภิรมย์ กับพวก จำเลย”, in สืบค้นฎีกา ๒๐๑๕, Bangkok: ศาลฎีกา, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nจำเลยที่ ๑ ให้การและให้การเพิ่มเติมต่อพนักงานสอบสวนแตกต่างกัน ทั้ง ๆ ที่จำเลยที่ ๑ เป็นผู้ศึกษาวิชากฎหมาย...นับว่าเป็นข้อพิรุธ\njam-ləəi tîi · nʉ̀ng · hâi-gaan lɛ́ hâi-gaan pə̂əm-dtəəm dtɔ̀ɔ pá-nák-ngaan-sɔ̀ɔp-sǔuan dtɛ̀ɛk-dtàang gan · táng táng tîi jam-ləəi tîi · nʉ̀ng · bpen pûu-sʉ̀k-sǎa wí-chaa gòt-mǎai ... náp wâa bpen kɔ̂ɔ pí-rút\nThe 1st Accused gave the inquiry official a reply and additional replies that are contrary to each other, even though the 1st Accused is a law student... [This is] deemed a questionable issue.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doubtful, questionable, suspicious; bearing a trace or sign of doubtfulness, questionability, or suspiciousness; indicating guilt, secret, wrong, or wrongfulness."
],
"links": [
[
"doubtful",
"doubtful"
],
[
"questionable",
"questionable"
],
[
"suspicious",
"suspicious"
],
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"doubtfulness",
"doubtfulness"
],
[
"questionability",
"questionability"
],
[
"suspiciousness",
"suspiciousness"
],
[
"indicating",
"indicate"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"wrongfulness",
"wrongfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ut̚",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "viruddha",
"gloss": "contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc"
},
"expansion": "Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "विरुद्ध",
"pos": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "viruddha",
"gloss": "opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ពិរុទ្ធ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pali viruddha (“contrary, repugnant, incompatible; doubtful, questionable; uncertain, precarious; etc”) or Sanskrit विरुद्ध (viruddha, idem). Compare Old Khmer viruddha (“opposition, contention, dispute, difference, variance; to be at variance, to have a disagreement or dispute”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ពិរុទ្ធ (pirut), វិរុទ្ធ (virut).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pí-rút",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "พิรุธ • (pí-rút)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2018, “คำพิพากษาศาลฎีกาที่ ๑๕๑๘/๒๕๖๑ ในคดีระหว่าง นายสุเทพย์ ปานบุญ ผู้ร้อง นายสัมฤทธิ์ ศรีเสริมวงศ์ ผู้คัดค้าน”, in สืบค้นฎีกา ๒๐๑๕, Bangkok: ศาลฎีกา, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nผู้คัดค้านยอมรับว่า ผู้ตายทำพินัยกรรมดังกล่าว แต่กล่าวอ้างข้อเท็จจริงใหม่ว่า...พินัยกรรมมีพิรุธ ผู้คัดค้านจึงมีภาระการพิสูจน์\npûu-kát-káan yɔɔm-ráp wâa · pûu-dtaai tam pí-nai-gam dang glàao · dtɛ̀ɛ glàao-âang kɔ̂ɔ-tét-jing mài wâa ... pí-nai-gam mii pí-rút · pûu-kát-káan jʉng mii paa-rá-gaan-pí-sùut\nThe Objector accepted that the Deceased made the will as said, but alleged a new fact that...the will had traces of questionability. The Objector thus bore the burden of proof.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "1944, สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมพระยาดำรงราชานุภาพ, “นิทานที่ ๙ เรื่องหนังสือหอหลวง”, in นิทานโบราณคดี, Bangkok: กรมศิลปากร, published 1944, retrieved 2019-06-08:\nคำโฆษณามีพิรุธเป็นข้อสำคัญอยู่อย่างหนึ่ง ด้วยตามปฏิทินจุลศักราช ๑๐๖๖ เป็นปีวอก มิใช่ปีชวดดังนายกุหลาบอ้าง\nkam-kôot-sà-naa mii pí-rút bpen kɔ̂ɔ sǎm-kan yùu yàang nʉ̀ng · dûai dtaam bpà-dtì-tin jun-lá-sàk-gà-ràat · nʉ̀ng pan hòk-sìp hòk · bpen bpii wɔ̂ɔk · mí châi bpii chûuat dang naai gù-làap âang\nThe notification had a significant sign of questionability, because, according to the calendar, 1066 Lesser Era was the Year of the Monkey, not the Year of the Rat as claimed by Nai Kulap.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Circa 15th century, โคลงยวนพ่าย, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2001) พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยอยุธยา โคลงยวนพ่าย (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, →ISBN, pages 139–140:\nมึงคือวัลเฝือแฝง มิ่งไม้ เคยกุํพิรุธมึง หลายเทื่อ เหลือที่อดไว้แท้ จึ่งทำ\nmʉng kʉʉ wal fʉ̌ʉa-fɛ̌ɛng · mîng-máai · kəəi gum pí-rút mʉng · lǎai tʉ̂ʉa · lʉ̌ʉa tîi òt wái tɛ́ɛ · jʉ̀ng tam\nThou art an ivy [creeping] behind a tree. For many times have [I] caught thy traces of guilt. [This is] truly beyond my tolerance, so [I have to] do [this unto thee].",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"doubtfulness, questionability, suspiciousness; trace or sign thereof; trace or sign of guilt, secret, wrong, or wrongfulness."
],
"links": [
[
"doubtfulness",
"doubtfulness"
],
[
"questionability",
"questionability"
],
[
"suspiciousness",
"suspiciousness"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
],
[
"guilt",
"guilt"
],
[
"secret",
"secret"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"wrongfulness",
"wrongfulness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʰi˦˥.rut̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†พิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ"
},
{
"word": "†วิรุทธ์"
},
{
"word": "วิรุธ"
}
],
"word": "พิรุธ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for พิรุธ meaning in Thai (17.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <table> not properly closed",
"path": [
"พิรุธ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "พิรุธ",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </tr>",
"path": [
"พิรุธ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "พิรุธ",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </table>",
"path": [
"พิรุธ"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "พิรุธ",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.