See ฝรั่ง in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ฝรั่ง meaning in Thai (10.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگ",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگ (farang)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "فرنگی",
"3": "",
"4": "French; European; Westerner; Christian",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc",
"4": "",
"5": "a Frank"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc (“a Frank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "佛朗機"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian فرنگ (farang) or فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”), from Old French franc (“a Frank”). Cognate with Khmer បារាំង (baarang), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi) and Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ฝรั่ง",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 31 30 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "th:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the past, whenever farangs travelled to trade with the Chinese, they usually brought Chinese cooks on board to prepare foods for them.",
"ref": "2004, ยุวดี ต้นสกุลรุ่งเรือง, ละเลงครัว, Nanmeebooks, page 27",
"roman": "sà-mǎi gɔ̀ɔn chûuang fà-ràng bpai tam-maa-hǎa-gin gàp jiin nán mák ao pɔ̂ɔ-kruua jiin long rʉʉa bpai tam aa-hǎan hâi gin",
"text": "สมัยก่อนช่วงฝรั่งไปทำมาหากินกับจีนนั้นมักเอาพ่อครัวจีนลงเรือไปทำอาหารให้กิน",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The insufficiency of capital forced her to find additional income by teaching Thai cookery to farang housewives.",
"ref": "2014, คีตะธารา, เพลิงเสน่หา, eReader (Thailand), page 8",
"roman": "dtɛ̀ɛ tun mâi pɔɔ chái jam-dtɔ̂ng hǎa raai-dâai sə̌əm dûai gaan-sɔ̌ɔn pan-yaa fà-ràng tam aa-hǎan tai",
"text": "แต่ทุนไม่พอใช้จำต้องหารายได้เสริมด้วยการสอนภรรยาฝรั่งทำอาหารไทย",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"Then who are working as spies for the farangs?\". It was a question which no one could answer. \"Maybe the farangs have sent some spies in before the Japs.\"",
"ref": "2004, ศรี เกศมณี, เมื่อวานนี้, Nanmeebooks, page 73",
"text": "\"แล้วใครล่ะที่เป็นไส้ศึกให้ฝรั่ง\" เป็นคำถามที่ไม่มีใครตอบได้ \"บางทีฝรั่งอาจจะส่งพวกสายลับเข้ามาก่อนไอ้ยุ่นก็ได้\"\n“lɛ́ɛo krai lâ tîi bpen sâi-sʉ̀k hâi fà-ràng” · bpen kam-tǎam tîi mâi mii krai dtɔ̀ɔp dâai · “baang-tii fà-ràng àat jà sòng pûuak sǎai-láp kâo maa gɔ̀ɔn âi yûn gɔ̂ɔ-dâai”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(classifiers: คน, ท่าน) farang; Westerner."
],
"id": "en-ฝรั่ง-th-noun-8QrkcZLc",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"คน",
"คน#Thai"
],
[
"ท่าน",
"ท่าน#Thai"
],
[
"farang",
"farang"
],
[
"Westerner",
"Westerner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, ethnic slur) (classifiers: คน, ท่าน) farang; Westerner."
],
"tags": [
"ethnic",
"informal",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 45 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 63 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 70 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms without th-pron template",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 31 30 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "th:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a category of traditional Thai songs, such as ฝรั่งกลาย (fà-ràng-glaai), ฝรั่งควง (fà-ràng-kuuang), ฝรั่งจรกา (fà-ràng-jɔɔ-rá-gaa), ฝรั่งรำเท้า (fà-ràng-ram-táao), etc."
],
"id": "en-ฝรั่ง-th-noun-r1PGd3WK",
"links": [
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Thai",
"Thai"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"ฝรั่ง",
"ฝรั่ง#Thai"
],
[
"กลาย",
"กลาย#Thai"
],
[
"ควง",
"ควง#Thai"
],
[
"จรกา",
"จรกา#Thai"
],
[
"รำ",
"รำ#Thai"
],
[
"เท้า",
"เท้า#Thai"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "th:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 31 30 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "th:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 12 19 42 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "th:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"common guava: the plant Psidium guajava of the family Myrtaceae."
],
"id": "en-ฝรั่ง-th-noun-6AXp940I",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Psidium guajava",
"Psidium guajava#Translingual"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"Myrtaceae",
"Myrtaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) common guava: the plant Psidium guajava of the family Myrtaceae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 13 31 30 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "th:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any guava."
],
"id": "en-ฝรั่ง-th-noun-~-AbsIVB",
"links": [
[
"guava",
"guava"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[colloquial]"
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˨˩.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˦˥.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ฝรั่ง"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"bor": "1",
"t": "westerner who comes to Thailand"
},
"expansion": "→ English: farang (“westerner who comes to Thailand”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: farang (“westerner who comes to Thailand”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"3": "ຝະຫຼັ່ງ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang), ຝະຫຼັ່ງ (fa lang)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang), ຝະຫຼັ່ງ (fa lang)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "huablab",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ White Hmong: huablab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ White Hmong: huablab"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگ",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگ (farang)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "فرنگی",
"3": "",
"4": "French; European; Westerner; Christian",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc",
"4": "",
"5": "a Frank"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc (“a Frank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "佛朗機"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian فرنگ (farang) or فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”), from Old French franc (“a Frank”). Cognate with Khmer បារាំង (baarang), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi) and Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ฝรั่ง",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 13 31 30 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "th:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ชีฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "dtrùt-fà-ràng",
"word": "ตรุษฝรั่ง"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งกังไส"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-kîi-nók",
"word": "ฝรั่งขี้นก"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งดั้งขอ"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งตาน้ำข้าว"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งบางเสาธง"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-mang-kâa",
"word": "ฝรั่งมังค่า"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-âng-mɔ́ɔ",
"word": "ฝรั่งอั้งม้อ"
},
{
"roman": "man-fà-ràng",
"word": "มันฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "nɔ̀ɔ-máai-fà-ràng",
"word": "หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "màak-fà-ràng",
"word": "หมากฝรั่ง"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Western."
],
"id": "en-ฝรั่ง-th-adj-CrO~BLZS",
"links": [
[
"Western",
"Western"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[colloquial]"
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˨˩.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˦˥.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ฝรั่ง"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Thai/aŋ",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Thai terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Thai terms derived from Old French",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with audio links",
"Thai terms with quotations",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai terms without th-pron template",
"th:Fruits",
"th:Trees"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگ",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگ (farang)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "فرنگی",
"3": "",
"4": "French; European; Westerner; Christian",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc",
"4": "",
"5": "a Frank"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc (“a Frank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "佛朗機"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian فرنگ (farang) or فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”), from Old French franc (“a Frank”). Cognate with Khmer បារាំង (baarang), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi) and Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ฝรั่ง",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai ethnic slurs",
"Thai informal terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the past, whenever farangs travelled to trade with the Chinese, they usually brought Chinese cooks on board to prepare foods for them.",
"ref": "2004, ยุวดี ต้นสกุลรุ่งเรือง, ละเลงครัว, Nanmeebooks, page 27",
"roman": "sà-mǎi gɔ̀ɔn chûuang fà-ràng bpai tam-maa-hǎa-gin gàp jiin nán mák ao pɔ̂ɔ-kruua jiin long rʉʉa bpai tam aa-hǎan hâi gin",
"text": "สมัยก่อนช่วงฝรั่งไปทำมาหากินกับจีนนั้นมักเอาพ่อครัวจีนลงเรือไปทำอาหารให้กิน",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The insufficiency of capital forced her to find additional income by teaching Thai cookery to farang housewives.",
"ref": "2014, คีตะธารา, เพลิงเสน่หา, eReader (Thailand), page 8",
"roman": "dtɛ̀ɛ tun mâi pɔɔ chái jam-dtɔ̂ng hǎa raai-dâai sə̌əm dûai gaan-sɔ̌ɔn pan-yaa fà-ràng tam aa-hǎan tai",
"text": "แต่ทุนไม่พอใช้จำต้องหารายได้เสริมด้วยการสอนภรรยาฝรั่งทำอาหารไทย",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "\"Then who are working as spies for the farangs?\". It was a question which no one could answer. \"Maybe the farangs have sent some spies in before the Japs.\"",
"ref": "2004, ศรี เกศมณี, เมื่อวานนี้, Nanmeebooks, page 73",
"text": "\"แล้วใครล่ะที่เป็นไส้ศึกให้ฝรั่ง\" เป็นคำถามที่ไม่มีใครตอบได้ \"บางทีฝรั่งอาจจะส่งพวกสายลับเข้ามาก่อนไอ้ยุ่นก็ได้\"\n“lɛ́ɛo krai lâ tîi bpen sâi-sʉ̀k hâi fà-ràng” · bpen kam-tǎam tîi mâi mii krai dtɔ̀ɔp dâai · “baang-tii fà-ràng àat jà sòng pûuak sǎai-láp kâo maa gɔ̀ɔn âi yûn gɔ̂ɔ-dâai”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(classifiers: คน, ท่าน) farang; Westerner."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"คน",
"คน#Thai"
],
[
"ท่าน",
"ท่าน#Thai"
],
[
"farang",
"farang"
],
[
"Westerner",
"Westerner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, ethnic slur) (classifiers: คน, ท่าน) farang; Westerner."
],
"tags": [
"ethnic",
"informal",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"a category of traditional Thai songs, such as ฝรั่งกลาย (fà-ràng-glaai), ฝรั่งควง (fà-ràng-kuuang), ฝรั่งจรกา (fà-ràng-jɔɔ-rá-gaa), ฝรั่งรำเท้า (fà-ràng-ram-táao), etc."
],
"links": [
[
"category",
"category"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"Thai",
"Thai"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"ฝรั่ง",
"ฝรั่ง#Thai"
],
[
"กลาย",
"กลาย#Thai"
],
[
"ควง",
"ควง#Thai"
],
[
"จรกา",
"จรกา#Thai"
],
[
"รำ",
"รำ#Thai"
],
[
"เท้า",
"เท้า#Thai"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"th:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"common guava: the plant Psidium guajava of the family Myrtaceae."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Psidium guajava",
"Psidium guajava#Translingual"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"Myrtaceae",
"Myrtaceae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) common guava: the plant Psidium guajava of the family Myrtaceae."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any guava."
],
"links": [
[
"guava",
"guava"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[colloquial]"
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˨˩.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˦˥.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ฝรั่ง"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Thai/aŋ",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"Thai terms derived from Classical Persian",
"Thai terms derived from Old French",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with audio links",
"Thai terms with quotations",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai terms without th-pron template",
"th:Fruits",
"th:Trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ชีฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "dtrùt-fà-ràng",
"word": "ตรุษฝรั่ง"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งกังไส"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-kîi-nók",
"word": "ฝรั่งขี้นก"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งดั้งขอ"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งตาน้ำข้าว"
},
{
"word": "ฝรั่งบางเสาธง"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-mang-kâa",
"word": "ฝรั่งมังค่า"
},
{
"roman": "fà-ràng-âng-mɔ́ɔ",
"word": "ฝรั่งอั้งม้อ"
},
{
"roman": "man-fà-ràng",
"word": "มันฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "nɔ̀ɔ-máai-fà-ràng",
"word": "หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง"
},
{
"roman": "màak-fà-ràng",
"word": "หมากฝรั่ง"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"bor": "1",
"t": "westerner who comes to Thailand"
},
"expansion": "→ English: farang (“westerner who comes to Thailand”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: farang (“westerner who comes to Thailand”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"3": "ຝະຫຼັ່ງ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang), ຝະຫຼັ່ງ (fa lang)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lao: ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang), ຝະຫຼັ່ງ (fa lang)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "huablab",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ White Hmong: huablab",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ White Hmong: huablab"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "فرنگ",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian فرنگ (farang)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "فرنگی",
"3": "",
"4": "French; European; Westerner; Christian",
"tr": "farangī"
},
"expansion": "فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc",
"4": "",
"5": "a Frank"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc (“a Frank”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "佛朗機"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Classical Persian فرنگ (farang) or فرنگی (farangī, “French; European; Westerner; Christian”), from Old French franc (“a Frank”). Cognate with Khmer បារាំង (baarang), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi) and Chinese 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ฝรั่ง",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Western."
],
"links": [
[
"Western",
"Western"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[colloquial]"
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˨˩.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/fa˦˥.raŋ˨˩/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ฝรั่ง"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <table> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ฝรั่ง"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ฝรั่ง",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 4"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </tr>",
"path": [
"ฝรั่ง"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ฝรั่ง",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </table>",
"path": [
"ฝรั่ง"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "",
"title": "ฝรั่ง",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.