See กรุณา in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"compassion."
],
"id": "en-กรุณา-th-noun-hs1o5SRq",
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(พระ~) favour; kindness; grace."
],
"id": "en-กรุณา-th-noun-4uZ-r9Oe",
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
],
[
"favour",
"favour"
],
[
"kindness",
"kindness"
],
[
"grace",
"grace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a god or royal person) (พระ~) favour; kindness; grace."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a god or royal person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 51 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai royal titles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 3 59 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms of address",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 12 8 42 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 40 47",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Titles",
"orig": "th:Titles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a title for or term of address to a god or high-ranking royal or noble person."
],
"id": "en-กรุณา-th-noun-be17Ly~C",
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(พระ~) used as a title for or term of address to a god or high-ranking royal or noble person."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 1 2 3 4 3 4 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 7 7 22 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 40 47",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Titles",
"orig": "th:Titles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be compassionate; to have, feel, or show compassion; to have a heart."
],
"id": "en-กรุณา-th-verb-NFfd0Mn1",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"compassionate",
"compassionate"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"have a heart",
"have a heart"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความกรุณา",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa) (abstract noun ความกรุณา)",
"name": "th-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "กรุณาธิคุณ"
},
{
"word": "ใต้เท้ากรุณา"
},
{
"word": "ใต้เท้ากรุณาเจ้า"
},
{
"roman": "song-prá-gà-rú-naa",
"word": "ทรงพระกรุณา"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "Please sit down",
"roman": "gà-rú-naa nâng long",
"text": "กรุณานั่งลง",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a polite addition to a request, command, etc: kindly, please, etc."
],
"id": "en-กรุณา-th-adv-Fjgwo7zU",
"links": [
[
"kindly",
"kindly"
],
[
"please",
"please"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai adverbs",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai royal nouns",
"Thai royal titles",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms of address",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs",
"th:Titles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"compassion."
],
"links": [
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"(พระ~) favour; kindness; grace."
],
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
],
[
"favour",
"favour"
],
[
"kindness",
"kindness"
],
[
"grace",
"grace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a god or royal person) (พระ~) favour; kindness; grace."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a god or royal person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used as a title for or term of address to a god or high-ranking royal or noble person."
],
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(พระ~) used as a title for or term of address to a god or high-ranking royal or noble person."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai adverbs",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai royal nouns",
"Thai royal titles",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms of address",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs",
"th:Titles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa)",
"name": "th-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be compassionate; to have, feel, or show compassion; to have a heart."
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"compassionate",
"compassionate"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"show",
"show"
],
[
"compassion",
"compassion"
],
[
"have a heart",
"have a heart"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai adverbs",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai royal nouns",
"Thai royal titles",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms of address",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"Thai verbs",
"th:Titles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "กรุณาธิคุณ"
},
{
"word": "ใต้เท้ากรุณา"
},
{
"word": "ใต้เท้ากรุณาเจ้า"
},
{
"roman": "song-prá-gà-rú-naa",
"word": "ทรงพระกรุณา"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "karuṇā",
"t": "compassion; pity"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "करुणा"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "ករុណា",
"tr": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ករុណា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "karuṇā"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese karuṇā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກະລຸນາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali karuṇā (“compassion; pity”) or Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā); perhaps via Old Khmer ករុណា (karuṇā), ករុនា (karunā), កុរណា (kuraṇā), កុណ៌្នា (kurṇnā), កូណ៌ា (kūrṇā), កុណ្នា (kuṇnā), កូណ៌្នា (kūrṇnā, “compassion, mercy, clemency; royal favour, kindness, or grace; royal command; etc”). Cognate with Modern Khmer ករុណា (kaʼrunaa), Old Javanese karuṇā, Lao ກະລຸນາ (ka lu nā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gà-rú-naa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความกรุณา",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
},
{
"form": "กรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"form": "กัรรุณา",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"archaic",
"dated",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "กรุณา • (gà-rú-naa) (abstract noun ความกรุณา)",
"name": "th-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "Please sit down",
"roman": "gà-rú-naa nâng long",
"text": "กรุณานั่งลง",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a polite addition to a request, command, etc: kindly, please, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"kindly",
"kindly"
],
[
"please",
"please"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka˨˩.ru˦˥.naː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "กรุณา"
}
Download raw JSONL data for กรุณา meaning in Thai (8.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: พระ~",
"path": [
"กรุณา"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "กรุณา",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: พระ~",
"path": [
"กรุณา"
],
"section": "Thai",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "กรุณา",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.