"முறிவு" meaning in Tamil

See முறிவு in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /mʊrɪʋʊ/, [mʊrɪʋɯ]
Etymology: Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu). Cognate with Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ). Etymology templates: {{af|ta|முறி|-வு|t1=}} முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu), {{ta-verbal noun|முறி|வு}} Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu), {{cog|ml|മുറിവ്}} Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ) Head templates: {{ta-noun}} முறிவு • (muṟivu) Inflection templates: {{ta-decl}} Forms: muṟivu [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], முறிவு [nominative, singular], முறிவுகள் [nominative, plural], முறிவே [singular, vocative], முறிவுகளே [plural, vocative], முறிவை [accusative, singular], முறிவுகளை [accusative, plural], முறிவுக்கு [dative, singular], முறிவுகளுக்கு [dative, plural], முறிவுக்காக [benefactive, singular], முறிவுகளுக்காக [benefactive, plural], முறிவுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளுடைய [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவின் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளின் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவில் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளில் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளிடம் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவோடு [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளோடு [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, singular], முறிவுகளுடன் [error-unrecognized-form, plural], முறிவால் [instrumental, singular], முறிவுகளால் [instrumental, plural], முறிவிலிருந்து [ablative, singular], முறிவுகளிலிருந்து [ablative, plural]
  1. breaking Synonyms: முரிவு, பிளவு
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-ShrLP9~R Categories (other): Injuries Disambiguation of Injuries: 21 21 5 16 17 21
  2. (medicine) fracture (a break in bone or cartilage)
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-e9eC8p76 Categories (other): Medicine, Injuries Disambiguation of Injuries: 21 21 5 16 17 21 Topics: medicine, sciences
  3. breakdown (of negotiations, etc.)
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-jbvUL7B2 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Tamil entries with incorrect language header, Tamil terms suffixed with -வு Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 11 11 48 9 10 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 10 10 55 7 9 10 Disambiguation of Tamil entries with incorrect language header: 12 13 45 6 16 8 Disambiguation of Tamil terms suffixed with -வு: 14 15 27 11 19 14
  4. enmity, misunderstanding Synonyms: பிணக்கம்
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-7qjDmbpp Categories (other): Injuries Disambiguation of Injuries: 21 21 5 16 17 21
  5. breach; rupture Synonyms: பிளப்பு
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-jYckP5fO Categories (other): Tamil terms with redundant script codes, Injuries Disambiguation of Tamil terms with redundant script codes: 15 19 18 9 27 12 Disambiguation of Injuries: 21 21 5 16 17 21
  6. antidote Synonyms: மாற்றுமருந்து
    Sense id: en-முறிவு-ta-noun-dSLQz-EO Categories (other): Injuries Disambiguation of Injuries: 21 21 5 16 17 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: திருமண முறிவு (tirumaṇa muṟivu), மணமுறிவு (maṇamuṟivu)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tirumaṇa muṟivu",
      "word": "திருமண முறிவு"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "maṇamuṟivu",
      "word": "மணமுறிவு"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "முறி",
        "3": "-வு",
        "t1": ""
      },
      "expansion": "முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "முறி",
        "2": "வு"
      },
      "expansion": "Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu)",
      "name": "ta-verbal noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "മുറിവ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu). Cognate with Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muṟivu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவு",
      "roman": "muṟivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகள்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவே",
      "roman": "muṟivē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளே",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவை",
      "roman": "muṟivai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளை",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுக்கு",
      "roman": "muṟivukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுக்காக",
      "roman": "muṟivukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுடைய",
      "roman": "muṟivuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுடைய",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவின்",
      "roman": "muṟiviṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளின்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவில்",
      "roman": "muṟivil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளில்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவிடம்",
      "roman": "muṟiviṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளிடம்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவோடு",
      "roman": "muṟivōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளோடு",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுடன்",
      "roman": "muṟivuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுடன்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவால்",
      "roman": "muṟivāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளால்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "muṟiviliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "முறிவு • (muṟivu)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 5 16 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Injuries",
          "orig": "ta:Injuries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "breaking"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-ShrLP9~R",
      "links": [
        [
          "breaking",
          "breaking"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "முரிவு"
        },
        {
          "word": "பிளவு"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "ta:Medicine",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 5 16 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Injuries",
          "orig": "ta:Injuries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fracture (a break in bone or cartilage)"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-e9eC8p76",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "fracture",
          "fracture#English:_Q68833"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ],
        [
          "cartilage",
          "cartilage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) fracture (a break in bone or cartilage)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 48 9 10 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 55 7 9 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 13 45 6 16 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 27 11 19 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms suffixed with -வு",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "breakdown (of negotiations, etc.)"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-jbvUL7B2",
      "links": [
        [
          "breakdown",
          "breakdown"
        ],
        [
          "negotiation",
          "negotiation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 5 16 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Injuries",
          "orig": "ta:Injuries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "enmity, misunderstanding"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-7qjDmbpp",
      "links": [
        [
          "enmity",
          "enmity"
        ],
        [
          "misunderstanding",
          "misunderstanding"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "பிணக்கம்"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 19 18 9 27 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 5 16 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Injuries",
          "orig": "ta:Injuries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "breach; rupture"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-jYckP5fO",
      "links": [
        [
          "breach",
          "breach"
        ],
        [
          "rupture",
          "rupture"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "பிளப்பு"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 5 16 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Injuries",
          "orig": "ta:Injuries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "antidote"
      ],
      "id": "en-முறிவு-ta-noun-dSLQz-EO",
      "links": [
        [
          "antidote",
          "antidote"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "மாற்றுமருந்து"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊrɪʋʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mʊrɪʋɯ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "முறிவு"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tamil lemmas",
    "Tamil nouns",
    "Tamil terms suffixed with -வு",
    "Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
    "Tamil u-stem nouns",
    "Tamil verbal nouns",
    "ta:Injuries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "tirumaṇa muṟivu",
      "word": "திருமண முறிவு"
    },
    {
      "roman": "maṇamuṟivu",
      "word": "மணமுறிவு"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "முறி",
        "3": "-வு",
        "t1": ""
      },
      "expansion": "முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu)",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "முறி",
        "2": "வு"
      },
      "expansion": "Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu)",
      "name": "ta-verbal noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "മുറിവ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Verbal noun formed from முறி (muṟi) + -வு (-vu). Cognate with Malayalam മുറിവ് (muṟivŭ).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "muṟivu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவு",
      "roman": "muṟivu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகள்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவே",
      "roman": "muṟivē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளே",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவை",
      "roman": "muṟivai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளை",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுக்கு",
      "roman": "muṟivukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுக்காக",
      "roman": "muṟivukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுடைய",
      "roman": "muṟivuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுடைய",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவின்",
      "roman": "muṟiviṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளின்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவில்",
      "roman": "muṟivil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளில்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவிடம்",
      "roman": "muṟiviṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளிடம்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவோடு",
      "roman": "muṟivōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளோடு",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுடன்",
      "roman": "muṟivuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளுடன்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவால்",
      "roman": "muṟivāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளால்",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "muṟiviliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "முறிவுகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "muṟivukaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "முறிவு • (muṟivu)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "breaking"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "breaking",
          "breaking"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "முரிவு"
        },
        {
          "word": "பிளவு"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ta:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fracture (a break in bone or cartilage)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "fracture",
          "fracture#English:_Q68833"
        ],
        [
          "bone",
          "bone"
        ],
        [
          "cartilage",
          "cartilage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) fracture (a break in bone or cartilage)"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "breakdown (of negotiations, etc.)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "breakdown",
          "breakdown"
        ],
        [
          "negotiation",
          "negotiation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "enmity, misunderstanding"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enmity",
          "enmity"
        ],
        [
          "misunderstanding",
          "misunderstanding"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "பிணக்கம்"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "breach; rupture"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "breach",
          "breach"
        ],
        [
          "rupture",
          "rupture"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "பிளப்பு"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "antidote"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "antidote",
          "antidote"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "மாற்றுமருந்து"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/mʊrɪʋʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[mʊrɪʋɯ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "முறிவு"
}

Download raw JSONL data for முறிவு meaning in Tamil (6.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tamil dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.