"நோன்பு" meaning in Tamil

See நோன்பு in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /n̪oːnbʊ/, [n̪oːnbɯ] Audio: Ta-நோன்பு.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu. From நோன் (nōṉ, “to endure, bear, renounce, reject”). Cognate with Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu), Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ), Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ) and Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ta|dra-pro|*nōnpu|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu, {{inh+|ta|dra-pro|*nōnpu}} Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu, {{cog|tcy|ನೋಂಪು}} Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu), {{cog|ml|നോൻപ്}} Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ), {{cog|ml|നോമ്പ്}} Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ), {{cog|kn|ನೋಂಪು}} Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu) Head templates: {{ta-noun}} நோன்பு • (nōṉpu) Inflection templates: {{ta-decl}} Forms: nōṉpu [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], நோன்பு [nominative, singular], நோன்புகள் [nominative, plural], நோன்பே [singular, vocative], நோன்புகளே [plural, vocative], நோன்பை [accusative, singular], நோன்புகளை [accusative, plural], நோன்புக்கு [dative, singular], நோன்புகளுக்கு [dative, plural], நோன்புக்காக [benefactive, singular], நோன்புகளுக்காக [benefactive, plural], நோன்புடைய [genitive, genitive-i, singular], நோன்புகளுடைய [genitive, genitive-i, plural], நோன்பின் [genitive, genitive-ii, singular], நோன்புகளின் [genitive, genitive-ii, plural], நோன்பில் [locative, locative-i, singular], நோன்புகளில் [locative, locative-i, plural], நோன்பிடம் [locative, locative-ii, singular], நோன்புகளிடம் [locative, locative-ii, plural], நோன்போடு [singular, sociative, sociative-i], நோன்புகளோடு [plural, sociative, sociative-i], நோன்புடன் [singular, sociative, sociative-ii], நோன்புகளுடன் [plural, sociative, sociative-ii], நோன்பால் [instrumental, singular], நோன்புகளால் [instrumental, plural], நோன்பிலிருந்து [ablative, singular], நோன்புகளிலிருந்து [ablative, plural]
  1. abstinence, fasting
    Sense id: en-நோன்பு-ta-noun-TMth0bzy Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Tamil entries with incorrect language header, Tamil terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Tamil entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Tamil terms with redundant script codes: 50 50
  2. penance, austerity Categories (topical): Religion
    Sense id: en-நோன்பு-ta-noun-axp~UHsh Disambiguation of Religion: 41 59 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Tamil entries with incorrect language header, Tamil terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Tamil entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Tamil terms with redundant script codes: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: உபவாசம் (upavācam), விரதம் (viratam)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*nōnpu",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*nōnpu"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tcy",
        "2": "ನೋಂಪು"
      },
      "expansion": "Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "നോൻപ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "നോമ്പ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ನೋಂಪು"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu. From நோன் (nōṉ, “to endure, bear, renounce, reject”). Cognate with Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu), Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ), Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ) and Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nōṉpu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பு",
      "roman": "nōṉpu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகள்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பே",
      "roman": "nōṉpē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளே",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பை",
      "roman": "nōṉpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளை",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புக்கு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புக்காக",
      "roman": "nōṉpukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புடைய",
      "roman": "nōṉpuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-i",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுடைய",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-i",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பின்",
      "roman": "nōṉpiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-ii",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளின்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-ii",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பில்",
      "roman": "nōṉpil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-i",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளில்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-i",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பிடம்",
      "roman": "nōṉpiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-ii",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளிடம்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-ii",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்போடு",
      "roman": "nōṉpōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளோடு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புடன்",
      "roman": "nōṉpuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுடன்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பால்",
      "roman": "nōṉpāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளால்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "nōṉpiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "நோன்பு • (nōṉpu)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abstinence, fasting"
      ],
      "id": "en-நோன்பு-ta-noun-TMth0bzy",
      "links": [
        [
          "abstinence",
          "abstinence"
        ],
        [
          "fasting",
          "fasting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ta",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "ta:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "penance, austerity"
      ],
      "id": "en-நோன்பு-ta-noun-axp~UHsh",
      "links": [
        [
          "penance",
          "penance"
        ],
        [
          "austerity",
          "austerity"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Ta-நோன்பு.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̪oːnbʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[n̪oːnbɯ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "upavācam",
      "word": "உபவாசம்"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "viratam",
      "word": "விரதம்"
    }
  ],
  "word": "நோன்பு"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Tamil entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tamil lemmas",
    "Tamil nouns",
    "Tamil terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
    "Tamil terms inherited from Proto-Dravidian",
    "Tamil terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tamil terms with redundant script codes",
    "Tamil u-stem nouns",
    "ta:Religion"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*nōnpu",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*nōnpu"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tcy",
        "2": "ನೋಂಪು"
      },
      "expansion": "Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "നോൻപ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ml",
        "2": "നോമ്പ്"
      },
      "expansion": "Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ನೋಂಪು"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *nōnpu. From நோன் (nōṉ, “to endure, bear, renounce, reject”). Cognate with Tulu ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu), Malayalam നോൻപ് (nōṉpŭ), Malayalam നോമ്പ് (nōmpŭ) and Kannada ನೋಂಪು (nōmpu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nōṉpu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ta-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பு",
      "roman": "nōṉpu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகள்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பே",
      "roman": "nōṉpē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளே",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பை",
      "roman": "nōṉpai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளை",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புக்கு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுக்கு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷukku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புக்காக",
      "roman": "nōṉpukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுக்காக",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷukkāka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "benefactive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புடைய",
      "roman": "nōṉpuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-i",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுடைய",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷuṭaiya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-i",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பின்",
      "roman": "nōṉpiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-ii",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளின்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "genitive-ii",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பில்",
      "roman": "nōṉpil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-i",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளில்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷil",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-i",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பிடம்",
      "roman": "nōṉpiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-ii",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளிடம்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiṭam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "locative-ii",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்போடு",
      "roman": "nōṉpōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளோடு",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷōṭu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புடன்",
      "roman": "nōṉpuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளுடன்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷuṭaṉ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "sociative",
        "sociative-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பால்",
      "roman": "nōṉpāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளால்",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷāl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்பிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "nōṉpiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "நோன்புகளிலிருந்து",
      "roman": "nōṉpukaḷiliruntu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "நோன்பு • (nōṉpu)",
      "name": "ta-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ta-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tamil",
  "lang_code": "ta",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "abstinence, fasting"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abstinence",
          "abstinence"
        ],
        [
          "fasting",
          "fasting"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "penance, austerity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "penance",
          "penance"
        ],
        [
          "austerity",
          "austerity"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Ta-நோன்பு.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Ta-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̪oːnbʊ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[n̪oːnbɯ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "upavācam",
      "word": "உபவாசம்"
    },
    {
      "roman": "viratam",
      "word": "விரதம்"
    }
  ],
  "word": "நோன்பு"
}

Download raw JSONL data for நோன்பு meaning in Tamil (6.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tamil dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.