"paligsa" meaning in Tagalog

See paligsa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /paliɡˈsa/ [Standard-Tagalog], [pɐ.lɪɡ̠ˈsa] [Standard-Tagalog] Forms: paligsá [canonical], ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ [Baybayin], palicsa [alternative], paliksa [alternative]
Rhymes: -a Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Sanskrit परि- (pari-) Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder. Sanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ) Sanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ) Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor. Old Malay pariksa Malay periksabor. Tagalog paligsa From earlier paliksa, borrowed from Malay periksa, from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”). Later reanalyzed to be pa- + ligsa. Etymology templates: {{ety|tl|:bor|ms:periksa|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Sanskrit परि- (pari-) Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder. Sanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ) Sanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ) Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor. Old Malay pariksa Malay periksabor. Tagalog paligsa [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "before", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*per-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Sanskrit", "term" : "परि-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sa" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "eye", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "see", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₃ekʷ-", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "acrostatic", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-s", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₃ókʷs", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Sanskrit", "term" : "ईक्ष्", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sa" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Sanskrit", "term" : "परीक्ष्", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sa" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Sanskrit", "term" : "परीक्षा", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sa" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Malay", "term" : "pariksa", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ms-old" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Malay", "term" : "periksa", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ms" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Tagalog", "term" : "paligsa", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "tl" }" data-lang="tl" data-title="paligsa">, {{bor+|tl|ms|periksa|nocap=1}} borrowed from Malay periksa, {{der|tl|sa|परीक्षा||inspection, investigation, examination, test}} Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”), {{lg|reanalysis|reanalyzed}} reanalyzed, {{prefix|tl|pa|ligsa}} pa- + ligsa Head templates: {{tl-noun|paligsá|b=+}} paligsá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ)
  1. test; exercise Synonyms: pagsusulit, eksamen, pagsubok, pagsasanay
    Sense id: en-paligsa-tl-noun-UeVQnUJH Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Tagalog entries with etymology trees, Tagalog entries with etymon, Tagalog entries with incorrect language header, Tagalog terms prefixed with pa-, Tagalog terms with Baybayin script, Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation, Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 57 43 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 66 34 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 67 33 Disambiguation of Tagalog entries with etymology trees: 65 35 Disambiguation of Tagalog entries with etymon: 68 32 Disambiguation of Tagalog entries with incorrect language header: 65 35 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms prefixed with pa-: 61 39 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with Baybayin script: 80 20 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation: 59 41 Disambiguation of Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries: 72 28
  2. act of testing, examining, or competing
    Sense id: en-paligsa-tl-noun-9CREj0hl Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: paligsahan
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "paligsahan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "ms:periksa",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nSanskrit परि- (pari-)\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.\nSanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor.\nOld Malay pariksa\nMalay periksabor.\nTagalog paligsa\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परि-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"eye\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"see\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ekʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"acrostatic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ókʷs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"ईक्ष्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परीक्ष्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परीक्षा\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Malay\", \"term\" : \"pariksa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ms-old\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Malay\", \"term\" : \"periksa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ms\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"paligsa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"paligsa\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "periksa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay periksa",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "परीक्षा",
        "4": "",
        "5": "inspection, investigation, examination, test"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "reanalysis",
        "2": "reanalyzed"
      },
      "expansion": "reanalyzed",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "pa",
        "3": "ligsa"
      },
      "expansion": "pa- + ligsa",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nSanskrit परि- (pari-)\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.\nSanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor.\nOld Malay pariksa\nMalay periksabor.\nTagalog paligsa\nFrom earlier paliksa, borrowed from Malay periksa, from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”). Later reanalyzed to be pa- + ligsa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paligsá",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "palicsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paliksa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "paligsá",
        "b": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "paligsá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ)",
      "name": "tl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pa‧lig‧sa"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "pa‧lig‧sa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "68 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "61 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms prefixed with pa-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "59 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "test; exercise"
      ],
      "id": "en-paligsa-tl-noun-UeVQnUJH",
      "links": [
        [
          "test",
          "test"
        ],
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pagsusulit"
        },
        {
          "word": "eksamen"
        },
        {
          "word": "pagsubok"
        },
        {
          "word": "pagsasanay"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "act of testing, examining, or competing"
      ],
      "id": "en-paligsa-tl-noun-9CREj0hl",
      "links": [
        [
          "testing",
          "testing"
        ],
        [
          "examining",
          "examining"
        ],
        [
          "competing",
          "competing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paliɡˈsa/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pɐ.lɪɡ̠ˈsa]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "paligsa"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/a",
    "Rhymes:Tagalog/a/3 syllables",
    "Tagalog 3-syllable words",
    "Tagalog entries with etymology trees",
    "Tagalog entries with etymon",
    "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
    "Tagalog lemmas",
    "Tagalog nouns",
    "Tagalog terms borrowed from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Old Malay",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Tagalog terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Tagalog terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ekʷ-",
    "Tagalog terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
    "Tagalog terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₃ókʷs",
    "Tagalog terms derived from the Sanskrit root ईक्ष्",
    "Tagalog terms prefixed with pa-",
    "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
    "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
    "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "paligsahan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": ":bor",
        "3": "ms:periksa",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nSanskrit परि- (pari-)\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.\nSanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor.\nOld Malay pariksa\nMalay periksabor.\nTagalog paligsa\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परि-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"eye\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"see\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ekʷ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"acrostatic\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃ókʷs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"ईक्ष्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परीक्ष्\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"परीक्षा\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Malay\", \"term\" : \"pariksa\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ms-old\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Malay\", \"term\" : \"periksa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ms\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"paligsa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"paligsa\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "periksa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "borrowed from Malay periksa",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "परीक्षा",
        "4": "",
        "5": "inspection, investigation, examination, test"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "reanalysis",
        "2": "reanalyzed"
      },
      "expansion": "reanalyzed",
      "name": "lg"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "pa",
        "3": "ligsa"
      },
      "expansion": "pa- + ligsa",
      "name": "prefix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.\nSanskrit परि- (pari-)\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷsder.\nSanskrit ईक्ष् (īkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्ष् (parīkṣ)\nSanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā)bor.\nOld Malay pariksa\nMalay periksabor.\nTagalog paligsa\nFrom earlier paliksa, borrowed from Malay periksa, from Sanskrit परीक्षा (parīkṣā, “inspection, investigation, examination, test”). Later reanalyzed to be pa- + ligsa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paligsá",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ",
      "tags": [
        "Baybayin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "palicsa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "paliksa",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "paligsá",
        "b": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "paligsá (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜎᜒᜄ᜔ᜐ)",
      "name": "tl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pa‧lig‧sa"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "pa‧lig‧sa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Tagalog",
  "lang_code": "tl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "test; exercise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "test",
          "test"
        ],
        [
          "exercise",
          "exercise"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pagsusulit"
        },
        {
          "word": "eksamen"
        },
        {
          "word": "pagsubok"
        },
        {
          "word": "pagsasanay"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "act of testing, examining, or competing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "testing",
          "testing"
        ],
        [
          "examining",
          "examining"
        ],
        [
          "competing",
          "competing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/paliɡˈsa/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[pɐ.lɪɡ̠ˈsa]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Tagalog"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "paligsa"
}

Download raw JSONL data for paligsa meaning in Tagalog (5.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Tagalog dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.