See vuna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"applicative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunisha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"passive",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunika"
},
{
"_dis1": "52 48",
"english": "harvest",
"sense": "Nominal derivations",
"word": "mavuno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-búna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-búna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-búna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-vuna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvuna",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "huvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -livuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sivuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatuvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "havuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawavuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -vuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nivune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "uvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -vune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sivune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -javuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kavuna / positive subject concord + -kavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kavune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-livuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-pavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-muvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vuna- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunaye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunacho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunavyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunazo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunako",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunapo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunamo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vuna)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-povuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-movuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-vuna (infinitive kuvuna)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sw",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "sw:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to harvest, reap"
],
"id": "en-vuna-sw-verb-NqxSIDeb",
"links": [
[
"harvest",
"harvest"
],
[
"reap",
"reap"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to profit"
],
"id": "en-vuna-sw-verb-WMOBLcAW",
"links": [
[
"profit",
"profit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-vuna.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Sw-ke-vuna.flac/Sw-ke-vuna.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Sw-ke-vuna.flac/Sw-ke-vuna.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "vuna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swahili entries with incorrect language header",
"Swahili lemmas",
"Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu",
"Swahili verbs",
"sw:Agriculture"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"applicative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunia"
},
{
"tags": [
"causative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunisha"
},
{
"tags": [
"passive",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunwa"
},
{
"tags": [
"stative",
"verb"
],
"word": "-vunika"
},
{
"english": "harvest",
"sense": "Nominal derivations",
"word": "mavuno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sw",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*-búna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *-búna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *-búna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-vuna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvuna",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kutovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "huvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -livuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ninavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tunavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "unavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mnavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "anavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wanavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sivuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatuvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"negative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "huvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hamvuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "havuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hawavuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"negative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -vuni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -tavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -tavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nivune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tuvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "uvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mvune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "avune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -vune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sivune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -ngalivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -singalivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"irrealis",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "navuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"gnomic",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gnomic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "avuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vyavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"gnomic",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mwavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"gnomic",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -mevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -meshavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"already-form"
]
},
{
"form": "negative subject concord + -javuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"not-yet-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-when-form"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -sipovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"if-not-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kavuna / positive subject concord + -kavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive"
]
},
{
"form": "positive subject concord + -kavune",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"consecutive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-nivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuneni",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-mvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-wavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-livuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-yavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-vivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-zivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-uvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-kuvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-pavuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-muvuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-jivuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"object-concord",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vuna- + relative marker)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunaye",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunalo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunacho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunavyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunayo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunazo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunao",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunako",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunapo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vunamo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vuna)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yevuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"class-2",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-3",
"class-4",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-lovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-5",
"class-6",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-vyovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-zovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-10",
"class-9",
"object-concord",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-11",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-kovuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-15",
"class-17",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-povuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-16",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-movuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class-18",
"object-concord",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sw-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"object-concord",
"relative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-vuna (infinitive kuvuna)",
"name": "sw-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sw-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Swahili",
"lang_code": "sw",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to harvest, reap"
],
"links": [
[
"harvest",
"harvest"
],
[
"reap",
"reap"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to profit"
],
"links": [
[
"profit",
"profit"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sw-ke-vuna.flac",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Sw-ke-vuna.flac/Sw-ke-vuna.flac.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Sw-ke-vuna.flac/Sw-ke-vuna.flac.ogg"
}
],
"word": "vuna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vuna meaning in Swahili (16.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Swahili is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information., style: background: #eff7ff; border: 1px solid #d0d0d0; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"vuna"
],
"section": "Swahili",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vuna",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Swahili dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.