See ضوى in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ضوى meaning in South Levantine Arabic (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ajp",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ضَاءَ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ضَاءَ (ḍāʔa)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic ضَاءَ (ḍāʔa) or ضَوَّأَ (ḍawwaʔa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḍawa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "biḍwi",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ajp-conj/B1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوى",
"roman": "ḍawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوينا",
"roman": "ḍawēna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتو",
"roman": "ḍawētu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوو",
"roman": "ḍawu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتي",
"roman": "ḍawēti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوت",
"roman": "ḍawat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوينا",
"roman": "ḍawēna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتو",
"roman": "ḍawētu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوو",
"roman": "ḍawu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "baḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بيضوي",
"roman": "biḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "منضوي",
"roman": "mniḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوو",
"roman": "btiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوو",
"roman": "biḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "baḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "منضوي",
"roman": "mniḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوو",
"roman": "btiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوو",
"roman": "biḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "aḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوي",
"roman": "yiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "نضوي",
"roman": "niḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوو",
"roman": "tiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوو",
"roman": "yiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "aḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "نضوي",
"roman": "niḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوو",
"roman": "tiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوو",
"roman": "yiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "iḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوو",
"roman": "iḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "iḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوو",
"roman": "iḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "I",
"pres": "بضوي",
"prestr": "biḍwi",
"tr": "ḍawa"
},
"expansion": "ضوى • (ḍawa) I (present بضوي (biḍwi))",
"name": "ajp-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"imp-2nd-p": "اضوو",
"imp-2nd-ptr": "iḍwu",
"imp-2nd-sf": "اضوي",
"imp-2nd-sftr": "iḍwi",
"imp-2nd-sm": "اضوي",
"imp-2nd-smtr": "iḍwi",
"past-1st-p": "ضوينا",
"past-1st-ptr": "ḍawēna",
"past-1st-s": "ضويت",
"past-1st-str": "ḍawēt",
"past-2nd-p": "ضويتو",
"past-2nd-ptr": "ḍawētu",
"past-2nd-sf": "ضويتي",
"past-2nd-sftr": "ḍawēti",
"past-2nd-sm": "ضويت",
"past-2nd-smtr": "ḍawēt",
"past-3rd-p": "ضوو",
"past-3rd-ptr": "ḍawu",
"past-3rd-sf": "ضوت",
"past-3rd-sftr": "ḍawat",
"past-3rd-sm": "ضوى",
"past-3rd-smtr": "ḍawa",
"pres-1st-p": "منضوي",
"pres-1st-ptr": "mniḍwi",
"pres-1st-s": "بضوي",
"pres-1st-str": "baḍwi",
"pres-2nd-p": "بتضوو",
"pres-2nd-ptr": "btiḍwu",
"pres-2nd-sf": "بتضوي",
"pres-2nd-sftr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-2nd-sm": "بتضوي",
"pres-2nd-smtr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-3rd-p": "بضوو",
"pres-3rd-ptr": "biḍwu",
"pres-3rd-sf": "بتضوي",
"pres-3rd-sftr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-3rd-sm": "بيضوي",
"pres-3rd-smtr": "biḍwi",
"subj-1st-p": "نضوي",
"subj-1st-ptr": "niḍwi",
"subj-1st-s": "اضوي",
"subj-1st-str": "aḍwi",
"subj-2nd-p": "تضوو",
"subj-2nd-ptr": "tiḍwu",
"subj-2nd-sf": "تضوي",
"subj-2nd-sftr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-2nd-sm": "تضوي",
"subj-2nd-smtr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-3rd-p": "يضوو",
"subj-3rd-ptr": "yiḍwu",
"subj-3rd-sf": "تضوي",
"subj-3rd-sftr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-3rd-sm": "يضوي",
"subj-3rd-smtr": "yiḍwi"
},
"name": "ajp-conj"
}
],
"lang": "South Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ajp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "طفى"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to turn on the light, to turn on (a device), to light (a candle, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-ضوى-ajp-verb-xPkyM9Ud",
"links": [
[
"turn on",
"turn on"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "شغّل"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 3 6 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give off light, to shine"
],
"id": "en-ضوى-ajp-verb-64MSKWdo",
"links": [
[
"give off",
"give off"
],
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dˤa.wa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdˤɑ.wɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-ضَوى.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ضوى"
}
{
"categories": [
"South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"South Levantine Arabic form-I verbs",
"South Levantine Arabic lemmas",
"South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic",
"South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic",
"South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links",
"South Levantine Arabic verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ajp",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ضَاءَ"
},
"expansion": "Arabic ضَاءَ (ḍāʔa)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic ضَاءَ (ḍāʔa) or ضَوَّأَ (ḍawwaʔa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḍawa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "biḍwi",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ajp-conj/B1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوى",
"roman": "ḍawa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوينا",
"roman": "ḍawēna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتو",
"roman": "ḍawētu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوو",
"roman": "ḍawu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويت",
"roman": "ḍawēt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتي",
"roman": "ḍawēti",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوت",
"roman": "ḍawat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوينا",
"roman": "ḍawēna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ضويتو",
"roman": "ḍawētu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ضوو",
"roman": "ḍawu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "baḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بيضوي",
"roman": "biḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "منضوي",
"roman": "mniḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوو",
"roman": "btiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوو",
"roman": "biḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوي",
"roman": "baḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوي",
"roman": "btiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "منضوي",
"roman": "mniḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "بتضوو",
"roman": "btiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "بضوو",
"roman": "biḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "aḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوي",
"roman": "yiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "نضوي",
"roman": "niḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوو",
"roman": "tiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوو",
"roman": "yiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "aḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوي",
"roman": "tiḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "نضوي",
"roman": "niḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "تضوو",
"roman": "tiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "يضوو",
"roman": "yiḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "iḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوو",
"roman": "iḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوي",
"roman": "iḍwi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "اضوو",
"roman": "iḍwu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "I",
"pres": "بضوي",
"prestr": "biḍwi",
"tr": "ḍawa"
},
"expansion": "ضوى • (ḍawa) I (present بضوي (biḍwi))",
"name": "ajp-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"imp-2nd-p": "اضوو",
"imp-2nd-ptr": "iḍwu",
"imp-2nd-sf": "اضوي",
"imp-2nd-sftr": "iḍwi",
"imp-2nd-sm": "اضوي",
"imp-2nd-smtr": "iḍwi",
"past-1st-p": "ضوينا",
"past-1st-ptr": "ḍawēna",
"past-1st-s": "ضويت",
"past-1st-str": "ḍawēt",
"past-2nd-p": "ضويتو",
"past-2nd-ptr": "ḍawētu",
"past-2nd-sf": "ضويتي",
"past-2nd-sftr": "ḍawēti",
"past-2nd-sm": "ضويت",
"past-2nd-smtr": "ḍawēt",
"past-3rd-p": "ضوو",
"past-3rd-ptr": "ḍawu",
"past-3rd-sf": "ضوت",
"past-3rd-sftr": "ḍawat",
"past-3rd-sm": "ضوى",
"past-3rd-smtr": "ḍawa",
"pres-1st-p": "منضوي",
"pres-1st-ptr": "mniḍwi",
"pres-1st-s": "بضوي",
"pres-1st-str": "baḍwi",
"pres-2nd-p": "بتضوو",
"pres-2nd-ptr": "btiḍwu",
"pres-2nd-sf": "بتضوي",
"pres-2nd-sftr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-2nd-sm": "بتضوي",
"pres-2nd-smtr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-3rd-p": "بضوو",
"pres-3rd-ptr": "biḍwu",
"pres-3rd-sf": "بتضوي",
"pres-3rd-sftr": "btiḍwi",
"pres-3rd-sm": "بيضوي",
"pres-3rd-smtr": "biḍwi",
"subj-1st-p": "نضوي",
"subj-1st-ptr": "niḍwi",
"subj-1st-s": "اضوي",
"subj-1st-str": "aḍwi",
"subj-2nd-p": "تضوو",
"subj-2nd-ptr": "tiḍwu",
"subj-2nd-sf": "تضوي",
"subj-2nd-sftr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-2nd-sm": "تضوي",
"subj-2nd-smtr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-3rd-p": "يضوو",
"subj-3rd-ptr": "yiḍwu",
"subj-3rd-sf": "تضوي",
"subj-3rd-sftr": "tiḍwi",
"subj-3rd-sm": "يضوي",
"subj-3rd-smtr": "yiḍwi"
},
"name": "ajp-conj"
}
],
"lang": "South Levantine Arabic",
"lang_code": "ajp",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "طفى"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to turn on the light, to turn on (a device), to light (a candle, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"turn on",
"turn on"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "شغّل"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to give off light, to shine"
],
"links": [
[
"give off",
"give off"
],
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/dˤa.wa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdˤɑ.wɑ]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Khalil.rantissi-ضَوى.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/10/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Khalil.rantissi-%D8%B6%D9%8E%D9%88%D9%89.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ضوى"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable South Levantine Arabic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.