"tok" meaning in Serbo-Croatian

See tok in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /tôːk/
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|sh|sla-pro|*tokъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *tokъ, {{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*tokъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ Head templates: {{sh-noun|g=m|head=tȏk}} tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к) Inflection templates: {{sh-decl-noun|tȏk|tókovi|toka|tokova|toku|tokovima|tok|tokove|toče|tokovi|toku|tokovima|tokom|tokovima}} Forms: tȏk [canonical, masculine], то̑к [Cyrillic], no-table-tags [table-tags], tȏk [nominative, singular], tókovi [nominative, plural], toka [genitive, singular], tokova [genitive, plural], toku [dative, singular], tokovima [dative, plural], tok [accusative, singular], tokove [accusative, plural], toče [singular, vocative], tokovi [plural, vocative], toku [locative, singular], tokovima [locative, plural], tokom [instrumental, singular], tokovima [instrumental, plural]
  1. flow
    Sense id: en-tok-sh-noun-OyEngXjt
  2. stream, current
    Sense id: en-tok-sh-noun-nDRSkMZC
  3. flux
    Sense id: en-tok-sh-noun-ouECB8e- Categories (other): Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations
  4. (Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk) Tags: Croatia
    Sense id: en-tok-sh-noun-jUqrtWGE Categories (other): Croatian Serbo-Croatian, Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header: 1 1 30 39 29
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: pòtok, prítok, pròtok, tȏkom
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /tôːk/
Etymology: From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka). Etymology templates: {{der|sh|ota|طوقه}} Ottoman Turkish طوقه, {{cog|tr|toka}} Turkish toka Head templates: {{sh-noun|g=m|head=tȏk}} tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к) Inflection templates: {{sh-decl-noun|tȏk|tòkovi|toka|tokova|toku|tokovima|tok|tokove|toče|tokovi|toku|tokovima|tokom|tokovima}} Forms: tȏk [canonical, masculine], то̑к [Cyrillic], no-table-tags [table-tags], tȏk [nominative, singular], tòkovi [nominative, plural], toka [genitive, singular], tokova [genitive, plural], toku [dative, singular], tokovima [dative, plural], tok [accusative, singular], tokove [accusative, plural], toče [singular, vocative], tokovi [plural, vocative], toku [locative, singular], tokovima [locative, plural], tokom [instrumental, singular], tokovima [instrumental, plural]
  1. (regional) sheath, scabbard Tags: regional Synonyms: korice
    Sense id: en-tok-sh-noun-L-mWbdae Categories (other): Regional Serbo-Croatian
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pòtok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "prítok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pròtok"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tȏkom"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tokъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tokъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tokъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "то̑к",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tókovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "tȏk"
      },
      "expansion": "tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tȏk",
        "10": "tokovi",
        "11": "toku",
        "12": "tokovima",
        "13": "tokom",
        "14": "tokovima",
        "2": "tókovi",
        "3": "toka",
        "4": "tokova",
        "5": "toku",
        "6": "tokovima",
        "7": "tok",
        "8": "tokove",
        "9": "toče"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flow"
      ],
      "id": "en-tok-sh-noun-OyEngXjt",
      "links": [
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stream, current"
      ],
      "id": "en-tok-sh-noun-nDRSkMZC",
      "links": [
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "current",
          "current"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with collocations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "luminous flux",
          "text": "sv(j)etlosni tok",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "energy flux",
          "text": "energijski tok",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flux"
      ],
      "id": "en-tok-sh-noun-ouECB8e-",
      "links": [
        [
          "flux",
          "flux"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Croatian Serbo-Croatian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 30 39 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)"
      ],
      "id": "en-tok-sh-noun-jUqrtWGE",
      "links": [
        [
          "movement",
          "movement"
        ],
        [
          "tijȇk",
          "tijek#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Croatia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tôːk/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tok"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "طوقه"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish طوقه",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "toka"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish toka",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "то̑к",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tòkovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "tȏk"
      },
      "expansion": "tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tȏk",
        "10": "tokovi",
        "11": "toku",
        "12": "tokovima",
        "13": "tokom",
        "14": "tokovima",
        "2": "tòkovi",
        "3": "toka",
        "4": "tokova",
        "5": "toku",
        "6": "tokovima",
        "7": "tok",
        "8": "tokove",
        "9": "toče"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sheath, scabbard"
      ],
      "id": "en-tok-sh-noun-L-mWbdae",
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "sheath",
          "sheath"
        ],
        [
          "scabbard",
          "scabbard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional) sheath, scabbard"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "korice"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tôːk/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tok"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 20 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
    "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "pòtok"
    },
    {
      "word": "prítok"
    },
    {
      "word": "pròtok"
    },
    {
      "word": "tȏkom"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tokъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tokъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tokъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tokъ. Cognate to e-grade tȅći.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "то̑к",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tókovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "tȏk"
      },
      "expansion": "tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tȏk",
        "10": "tokovi",
        "11": "toku",
        "12": "tokovima",
        "13": "tokom",
        "14": "tokovima",
        "2": "tókovi",
        "3": "toka",
        "4": "tokova",
        "5": "toku",
        "6": "tokovima",
        "7": "tok",
        "8": "tokove",
        "9": "toče"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flow",
          "flow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stream, current"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stream",
          "stream"
        ],
        [
          "current",
          "current"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Serbo-Croatian terms with collocations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "luminous flux",
          "text": "sv(j)etlosni tok",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "energy flux",
          "text": "energijski tok",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "flux"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flux",
          "flux"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Croatian Serbo-Croatian"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "movement",
          "movement"
        ],
        [
          "tijȇk",
          "tijek#Serbo-Croatian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Croatia) spatial movement (as opposed to temporal movement, compare tijȇk)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Croatia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tôːk/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tok"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 20 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
    "Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian nouns",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
    "Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ota",
        "3": "طوقه"
      },
      "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish طوقه",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "toka"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish toka",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish طوقه (compare Turkish toka).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "то̑к",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tȏk",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tòkovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokova",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokove",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tokovima",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "head": "tȏk"
      },
      "expansion": "tȏk m (Cyrillic spelling то̑к)",
      "name": "sh-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tȏk",
        "10": "tokovi",
        "11": "toku",
        "12": "tokovima",
        "13": "tokom",
        "14": "tokovima",
        "2": "tòkovi",
        "3": "toka",
        "4": "tokova",
        "5": "toku",
        "6": "tokovima",
        "7": "tok",
        "8": "tokove",
        "9": "toče"
      },
      "name": "sh-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Regional Serbo-Croatian"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sheath, scabbard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "regional",
          "regional#English"
        ],
        [
          "sheath",
          "sheath"
        ],
        [
          "scabbard",
          "scabbard"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(regional) sheath, scabbard"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "korice"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "regional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tôːk/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tok"
}

Download raw JSONL data for tok meaning in Serbo-Croatian (6.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Serbo-Croatian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.