See troak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troaks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "troakin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "troakt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "troakt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"10": "troakt",
"2": "verbs",
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"4": "troaks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "troakin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "troakt",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troakin, simple past troakt, past participle troakt)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troakin, simple past troakt, past participle troakt)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1755 May 9, Allan Ramsay, Blyth may he be wha o'er the haugh, The Edinburgh Magazine; or, Literary Miscellany, published 1787 January 31, page 40:",
"text": "That chiels, fated to skelp vile dubs thro', / For living are obliged to rub thro' / To fend by troaking, buying, selling, / The profit's aft no worth the telling.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1773, Robert Ferguson, “The Election”, in Poems on Various Subjects, T. Ruddiman & Co., page 171:",
"text": "Ye lowns that troke in doctor's stuff, / You'll now hae unco slaisters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1786 April 3, Robert Burns, “To Mr. John Kennedy”, in Allan Cunningham, editor, The Works of Robert Burns, Hilliard, Gray, & Co., published 1835, page 227:",
"text": "Now if ye're ane o' warl's folk, / Wha rate the wearer by the cloak / An' sklent on poverty their joke / Wi' bitter sneer, / Wi' you no friendship I will troke / Nor cheap nor dear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, Hew Ainslie, “Pig Tibby, and the Pilgrims”, in A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, page 232:",
"text": "Cadging about the track-pats, pouries an' succar bowls; getting baubees for them whiles, an' whiles troaking them for auld rags, eggs, and ait meal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"id": "en-troak-sco-verb--2d3X~5X",
"links": [
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, S. R. Crockett, The Raiders: Being Some Passages in the Life of John Faa, Eveleigh Nash & Grayson Ltd., page 54:",
"text": "I wad hae ye ken, Laird Heron ... that there are many decent men ... who have no trokings or comradeship with Yawkins, the Marshalls, and their like.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have familiar intercourse."
],
"id": "en-troak-sco-verb-dJKF3DP4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To have familiar intercourse."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "troke"
}
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"cat2": "uncountable nouns",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 34 7 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 28 7 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"id": "en-troak-sco-noun-V5exchxP",
"links": [
[
"truck",
"truck"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Alan Reid, “In Memory of Happy Days”, in Sangs o' the Heatherland, J. & R. Parlane, page 17:",
"text": "His wreatin'-desk, 'mang ither troaks, was mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Small wares."
],
"id": "en-troak-sco-noun-hrj4dvzI",
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Familiar intercourse."
],
"id": "en-troak-sco-noun-TUmT3sKI",
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "troke"
}
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old French",
"Scots uncountable nouns",
"Scots undefined derivations",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troaks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "troakin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "troakt",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "troakt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "troakt",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "troaks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "troakin",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "troakt",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troakin, simple past troakt, past participle troakt)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "troak (third-person singular simple present troaks, present participle troakin, simple past troakt, past participle troakt)",
"name": "sco-verb"
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],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1755 May 9, Allan Ramsay, Blyth may he be wha o'er the haugh, The Edinburgh Magazine; or, Literary Miscellany, published 1787 January 31, page 40:",
"text": "That chiels, fated to skelp vile dubs thro', / For living are obliged to rub thro' / To fend by troaking, buying, selling, / The profit's aft no worth the telling.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1773, Robert Ferguson, “The Election”, in Poems on Various Subjects, T. Ruddiman & Co., page 171:",
"text": "Ye lowns that troke in doctor's stuff, / You'll now hae unco slaisters.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1786 April 3, Robert Burns, “To Mr. John Kennedy”, in Allan Cunningham, editor, The Works of Robert Burns, Hilliard, Gray, & Co., published 1835, page 227:",
"text": "Now if ye're ane o' warl's folk, / Wha rate the wearer by the cloak / An' sklent on poverty their joke / Wi' bitter sneer, / Wi' you no friendship I will troke / Nor cheap nor dear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1822, Hew Ainslie, “Pig Tibby, and the Pilgrims”, in A Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, page 232:",
"text": "Cadging about the track-pats, pouries an' succar bowls; getting baubees for them whiles, an' whiles troaking them for auld rags, eggs, and ait meal.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly."
],
"links": [
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, S. R. Crockett, The Raiders: Being Some Passages in the Life of John Faa, Eveleigh Nash & Grayson Ltd., page 54:",
"text": "I wad hae ye ken, Laird Heron ... that there are many decent men ... who have no trokings or comradeship with Yawkins, the Marshalls, and their like.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have familiar intercourse."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland) To have familiar intercourse."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troke"
}
],
"word": "troak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old French",
"Scots uncountable nouns",
"Scots undefined derivations",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "trukken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English trukken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "truck"
},
"expansion": "English truck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fro",
"3": "troquier"
},
"expansion": "Old French troquier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Trug",
"3": "",
"4": "deceit, trickery, deception"
},
"expansion": "German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English trukken, trukien (> English truck), from Old French troquier, of Germanic origin. Compare German Trug (“deceit, trickery, deception”). More at truck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"cat2": "uncountable nouns",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "troak (uncountable)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Barter; exchange; truck."
],
"links": [
[
"truck",
"truck"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
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"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894, Alan Reid, “In Memory of Happy Days”, in Sangs o' the Heatherland, J. & R. Parlane, page 17:",
"text": "His wreatin'-desk, 'mang ither troaks, was mine.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Small wares."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Familiar intercourse."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "troke"
}
],
"word": "troak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for troak meaning in Scots (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scots dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.