See kirk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "kirks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"church"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-noun-utuPEn4D",
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temple"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-noun-Z0JYAb8a",
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirks",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "kirks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "kirkin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "kirkit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit"
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to church for burial"
],
"id": "en-kirk-sco-verb-6t4IUP9L",
"links": [
[
"burial",
"burial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to church for burial"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kirkit"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms derived from Northern Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old Norse",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms inherited from Northern Middle English",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "kirks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kirk (plural kirks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"church"
],
"links": [
[
"church",
"church"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temple"
],
"links": [
[
"temple",
"temple"
]
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms derived from Northern Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old Norse",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle Scots",
"Scots terms inherited from Northern Middle English",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-msc",
"3": "kirk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm-nor",
"3": "kirke"
},
"expansion": "Northern Middle English kirke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "non",
"3": "kirkja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kirkja",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Scots kirk, from Northern Middle English kirke, borrowed from Old Norse kirkja.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kirks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkin",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "kirkit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirks",
"name": "sco-verb/getPres3rdSg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkin",
"name": "sco-verb/getPresP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPast"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "kirkit",
"name": "sco-verb/getPastP"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "kirks",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "kirkin",
"7": "simple past and past participle",
"8": "kirkit",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kirks",
"2": "kirkin",
"3": "kirkit"
},
"expansion": "kirk (third-person singular simple present kirks, present participle kirkin, simple past and past participle kirkit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "kirkit"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scots transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bring to church for burial"
],
"links": [
[
"burial",
"burial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to bring to church for burial"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "kirk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kirk meaning in Scots (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"kirk",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "",
"title": "kirk",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 497206024<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 17:11:36 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"kirk",
"Template:inh",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:inherited()"
],
"section": "Scots",
"subsection": "",
"title": "kirk",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 488896145<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 17:12:32 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scots dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.