See तमस् in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀢𑀫"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "तंव"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "tamo"
},
"expansion": "Pali: tamo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: tamo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "iir-pro>*támHas>darkness",
"id": "darkness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *témHos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *támHas\nSanskrit तमस् (tamas)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*támHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "",
"5": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تم",
"3": "",
"4": "cataract",
"tr": "tam"
},
"expansion": "Persian تم (tam, “cataract”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tamsà",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tamsà (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenebra",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Latin tenebra (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *témHos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *támHas\nSanskrit तमस् (tamas)\nFrom Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”),\nLithuanian tamsà (“darkness”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "támas",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसा",
"roman": "támasā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभिः",
"roman": "támobhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसे",
"roman": "támase",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्यः",
"roman": "támobhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसः",
"roman": "támasaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्यः",
"roman": "támobhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसः",
"roman": "támasaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसोः",
"roman": "támasoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसाम्",
"roman": "támasām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसि",
"roman": "támasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसोः",
"roman": "támasoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमःसु",
"roman": "támaḥsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"tr": "támas"
},
"expansion": "तमस् • (támas) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "támas"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "támasvat",
"word": "तमस्वत्"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "támisra",
"word": "तमिस्र"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "támisrā",
"word": "तमिस्रा"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:\nHe found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.",
"ref": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4",
"roman": "ávindadgā́ apáḥ svàḥ.",
"text": "अ॒ग्निर्जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒ घ्नन्दस्यू॒ञ्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।\nअवि॑न्द॒द्गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥\nagnírjātó arocata ghnándásyūñjyótiṣā támaḥ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, gloom (also in plural)"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-jl92sAtN",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-nWvPaOiQ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"division",
"division"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 38 2 39 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 31 2 34 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 29 3 27 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-fgyQ2v2E",
"links": [
[
"obscuration",
"obscuration"
],
[
"Rahu",
"Rahu"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-0gdMyPnX",
"links": [
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"illusion",
"illusion"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 26 3 37 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 38 2 39 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 2 24 2 36 13 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 31 2 34 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 29 3 27 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 20 3 38 23 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-M42XY0dr",
"links": [
[
"tamas",
"tamas"
],
[
"qualities",
"qualities"
],
[
"constituent",
"constituent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 31 2 34 17 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 29 3 27 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sin"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-zMxox5KO",
"links": [
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-LNvdgpEH",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɐ́.mɐs/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t̪ɐ.mɐs̪/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "तमस्"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit as-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with etymology trees",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀢𑀫"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "तंव"
},
"expansion": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "tamo"
},
"expansion": "Pali: tamo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: tamo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inc-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "iir-pro>*támHas>darkness",
"id": "darkness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *témHos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *támHas\nSanskrit तमस् (tamas)",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*támHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "",
"5": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تم",
"3": "",
"4": "cataract",
"tr": "tam"
},
"expansion": "Persian تم (tam, “cataract”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tamsà",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tamsà (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenebra",
"3": "",
"4": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Latin tenebra (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *témHos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *támHas\nSanskrit तमस् (tamas)\nFrom Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”),\nLithuanian tamsà (“darkness”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "támas",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसा",
"roman": "támasā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभिः",
"roman": "támobhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसे",
"roman": "támase",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्यः",
"roman": "támobhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसः",
"roman": "támasaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्याम्",
"roman": "támobhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "तमोभ्यः",
"roman": "támobhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसः",
"roman": "támasaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसोः",
"roman": "támasoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसाम्",
"roman": "támasām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसि",
"roman": "támasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसोः",
"roman": "támasoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमःसु",
"roman": "támaḥsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "तमः",
"roman": "támaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमसी",
"roman": "támasī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "तमांसि",
"roman": "támāṃsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"tr": "támas"
},
"expansion": "तमस् • (támas) stem, n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "támas"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "támasvat",
"word": "तमस्वत्"
},
{
"roman": "támisra",
"word": "तमिस्र"
},
{
"roman": "támisrā",
"word": "तमिस्रा"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:\nHe found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.",
"ref": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4",
"roman": "ávindadgā́ apáḥ svàḥ.",
"text": "अ॒ग्निर्जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒ घ्नन्दस्यू॒ञ्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।\nअवि॑न्द॒द्गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥\nagnírjātó arocata ghnándásyūñjyótiṣā támaḥ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, gloom (also in plural)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"division",
"division"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu"
],
"links": [
[
"obscuration",
"obscuration"
],
[
"Rahu",
"Rahu"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error"
],
"links": [
[
"ignorance",
"ignorance"
],
[
"illusion",
"illusion"
],
[
"error",
"error"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)"
],
"links": [
[
"tamas",
"tamas"
],
[
"qualities",
"qualities"
],
[
"constituent",
"constituent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sin"
],
"links": [
[
"sin",
"sin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɐ́.mɐs/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t̪ɐ.mɐs̪/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "तमस्"
}
Download raw JSONL data for तमस् meaning in Sanskrit (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.