"तमस्" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-mah",
            "2": "𑀢𑀫"
          },
          "expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "तंव"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "tamo"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: tamo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: tamo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*támHas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*témHos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "تم",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cataract",
        "tr": "tam"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian تم (tam, “cataract”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tenebra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tenebra (“darkness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "támas",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "as-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसा",
      "roman": "támasā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभिः",
      "roman": "támobhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसे",
      "roman": "támase",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्यः",
      "roman": "támobhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसः",
      "roman": "támasaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्यः",
      "roman": "támobhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसः",
      "roman": "támasaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसोः",
      "roman": "támasoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसाम्",
      "roman": "támasām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसि",
      "roman": "támasi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसोः",
      "roman": "támasoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमःसु",
      "roman": "támaḥsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "tr": "támas"
      },
      "expansion": "तमस् • (támas) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "támas"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "támasvat",
      "word": "तमस्वत्"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "támisra",
      "word": "तमिस्र"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "támisrā",
      "word": "तमिस्रा"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 2 38 2 33 1 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"led into darkness\", deprived of the eye's light or sight",
          "text": "तमः प्रणीत (támaḥ práṇīta)"
        },
        {
          "english": "Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:\nHe found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.",
          "ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4",
          "roman": "avindadgā apaḥ svaḥ.",
          "text": "अग्निर्जातो अरोचत घ्नन्दस्यूञ्ज्योतिषा तमः ।\nअविन्दद्गा अपः स्वः ॥\nagnirjāto arocata ghnandasyūñjyotiṣā tamaḥ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "darkness, gloom (also in plural)"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-jl92sAtN",
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ],
        [
          "gloom",
          "gloom"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-nWvPaOiQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ],
        [
          "division",
          "division"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 2 38 2 33 1 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-fgyQ2v2E",
      "links": [
        [
          "obscuration",
          "obscuration"
        ],
        [
          "Rahu",
          "Rahu"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-0gdMyPnX",
      "links": [
        [
          "ignorance",
          "ignorance"
        ],
        [
          "illusion",
          "illusion"
        ],
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 2 38 2 33 1 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 2 27 2 39 1 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-M42XY0dr",
      "links": [
        [
          "tamas",
          "tamas"
        ],
        [
          "qualities",
          "qualities"
        ],
        [
          "constituent",
          "constituent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sin"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-zMxox5KO",
      "links": [
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow"
      ],
      "id": "en-तमस्-sa-noun-LNvdgpEH",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɐ́.mɐs/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt̪ɐ.mɐs̪/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "तमस्"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Sanskrit as-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-mah",
            "2": "𑀢𑀫"
          },
          "expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀫 (tama)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "तंव"
          },
          "expansion": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Marathi: तंव (tauva)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "tamo"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: tamo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: tamo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "inc-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*támHas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*témHos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "تم",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cataract",
        "tr": "tam"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian تم (tam, “cataract”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tenebra",
        "3": "",
        "4": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tenebra (“darkness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵 (təmah), Persian تم (tam, “cataract”), Latin tenebra (“darkness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "támas",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "as-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमः",
      "roman": "támaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसी",
      "roman": "támasī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमांसि",
      "roman": "támāṃsi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसा",
      "roman": "támasā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभिः",
      "roman": "támobhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसे",
      "roman": "támase",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्यः",
      "roman": "támobhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसः",
      "roman": "támasaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्याम्",
      "roman": "támobhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमोभ्यः",
      "roman": "támobhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसः",
      "roman": "támasaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसोः",
      "roman": "támasoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसाम्",
      "roman": "támasām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसि",
      "roman": "támasi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमसोः",
      "roman": "támasoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "तमःसु",
      "roman": "támaḥsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "tr": "támas"
      },
      "expansion": "तमस् • (támas) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "támas"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "támasvat",
      "word": "तमस्वत्"
    },
    {
      "roman": "támisra",
      "word": "तमिस्र"
    },
    {
      "roman": "támisrā",
      "word": "तमिस्रा"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"led into darkness\", deprived of the eye's light or sight",
          "text": "तमः प्रणीत (támaḥ práṇīta)"
        },
        {
          "english": "Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the darkness:\nHe found the Kine, the Waters, the Sun.",
          "ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4",
          "roman": "avindadgā apaḥ svaḥ.",
          "text": "अग्निर्जातो अरोचत घ्नन्दस्यूञ्ज्योतिषा तमः ।\nअविन्दद्गा अपः स्वः ॥\nagnirjāto arocata ghnandasyūñjyotiṣā tamaḥ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "darkness, gloom (also in plural)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ],
        [
          "gloom",
          "gloom"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the darkness of hell, hell or a particular division of hell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ],
        [
          "hell",
          "hell"
        ],
        [
          "division",
          "division"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the obscuration of the sun or moon in eclipses, attributed to Rahu"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "obscuration",
          "obscuration"
        ],
        [
          "Rahu",
          "Rahu"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ignorance",
          "ignorance"
        ],
        [
          "illusion",
          "illusion"
        ],
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "tamas, one of the three qualities or constituents of everything in creation (the cause of heaviness, ignorance, illusion, lust, anger, pride, sorrow, dullness, and stolidity)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tamas",
          "tamas"
        ],
        [
          "qualities",
          "qualities"
        ],
        [
          "constituent",
          "constituent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sin",
          "sin"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɐ́.mɐs/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt̪ɐ.mɐs̪/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "तमस्"
}