See कष्ट in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷels-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कष्",
"3": "-त",
"nocat": "",
"pos1": "",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "to injure, destroy",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कष्",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्",
"2": "-त",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to injure, destroy"
},
"expansion": "from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκός",
"t": "bad, wretched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣṭa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टान्",
"roman": "kaṣṭān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "कष्ट"
},
"expansion": "कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 16 9 3 11 12 18 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "Tell me, what is your trouble?",
"roman": "bhavataḥ kiṃ kaṣṭaṃ asti",
"text": "भवतः किं कष्टं अस्ति",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-noun-VPmK6ZMD",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 15 10 3 10 9 29 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 14 8 3 9 11 27 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 10 3 12 10 15 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 11 2 12 10 15 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 13 7 2 9 10 32 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 16 9 3 11 12 18 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sin, wickedness"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-noun-lkZNx0rp",
"links": [
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"wickedness",
"wickedness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 10 3 12 10 15 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 11 2 12 10 15 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 16 9 3 11 12 18 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
35,
45
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"english": "this is not difficult; there is no difficulty in this",
"roman": "etad kaṣṭaṃ na",
"text": "एतद् कष्टं न",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty, effort"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-noun-AWDQBqiP",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrowful, miserable"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-noun-XJFARNVx",
"links": [
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्ट"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਠੋਰ",
"3": "ਕਠਨਾਈ",
"t": "stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel",
"t2": "difficulty",
"tr2": "kaṭhanāī"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi: ਕਠੋਰ (kaṭhor, “stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel”), ਕਠਨਾਈ (kaṭhanāī, “difficulty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਕਠੋਰ (kaṭhor, “stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel”), ਕਠਨਾਈ (kaṭhanāī, “difficulty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কষ্ট",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "कष्ट",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಷ್ಟ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಕಷ್ಟ (kaṣṭa) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಕಷ್ಟ (kaṣṭa) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਸ਼ਟ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "கஷ்டம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "కష్టము",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu) (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷels-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कष्",
"3": "-त",
"nocat": "",
"pos1": "",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "to injure, destroy",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कष्",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्",
"2": "-त",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to injure, destroy"
},
"expansion": "from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκός",
"t": "bad, wretched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣṭá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टान्",
"roman": "kaṣṭān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
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"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
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"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
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"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
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"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाम्",
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"accusative",
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]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
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"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
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"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टया",
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"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
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"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
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"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभिः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै2",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै2",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासु",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "adjective",
"tr": "kaṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "कष्ट • (kaṣṭá)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्ट",
"2": "कष्टा"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
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{
"args": {
"1": "कष्ट",
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"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्टा",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
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"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
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"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
13
],
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
26
],
[
27,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
],
[
26,
33
]
],
"english": "gone from bad to worse; reduced to a wretched condition.",
"roman": "rāmahastamanuprāpya kaṣṭāt kaṣṭataraṃ gatā",
"text": "रामहस्तमनुप्राप्य कष्टात् कष्टतरं गता",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil, ill, wrong"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-5wlaESuO",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"painful, grievous"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-O~hm0SIv",
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 10 3 12 10 15 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 11 2 12 10 15 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 16 9 3 11 12 18 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficult"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-HkRTqYyd",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 11 2 12 10 15 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard to subdue (as an enemy)"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-R4ugnkNY"
},
{
"glosses": [
"mischievous, hurtful, injurious"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-t0Ey6-UA",
"links": [
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"hurtful",
"hurtful"
],
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 10 3 12 10 15 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 18 11 2 12 10 15 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 6 16 9 3 11 12 18 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boding evil"
],
"id": "en-कष्ट-sa-adj-MPxAfGRS"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्ट"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
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"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷels-",
"Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant head parameter",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷels-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कष्",
"3": "-त",
"nocat": "",
"pos1": "",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "to injure, destroy",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कष्",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "-त",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to injure, destroy"
},
"expansion": "from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκός",
"t": "bad, wretched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣṭa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टः",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
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"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
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"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टान्",
"roman": "kaṣṭān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "कष्ट"
},
"expansion": "कष्ट • (kaṣṭa) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "Tell me, what is your trouble?",
"roman": "bhavataḥ kiṃ kaṣṭaṃ asti",
"text": "भवतः किं कष्टं अस्ति",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, difficulty, trouble, misery, suffering, hardship"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sin, wickedness"
],
"links": [
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"wickedness",
"wickedness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
35,
45
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"english": "this is not difficult; there is no difficulty in this",
"roman": "etad kaṣṭaṃ na",
"text": "एतद् कष्टं न",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"difficulty, effort"
],
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrowful, miserable"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrowful",
"sorrowful"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्ट"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कष्",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷels-",
"Sanskrit terms suffixed with -त",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant head parameter",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਠੋਰ",
"3": "ਕਠਨਾਈ",
"t": "stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel",
"t2": "difficulty",
"tr2": "kaṭhanāī"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi: ਕਠੋਰ (kaṭhor, “stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel”), ਕਠਨਾਈ (kaṭhanāī, “difficulty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Punjabi: ਕਠੋਰ (kaṭhor, “stern, vigorous, harsh, cruel”), ਕਠਨਾਈ (kaṭhanāī, “difficulty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কষ্ট",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: কষ্ট (kośṭo) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "कष्ट",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: कष्ट (kaṣṭ) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಷ್ಟ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಕಷ್ಟ (kaṣṭa) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಕಷ್ಟ (kaṣṭa) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਕਸ਼ਟ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਕਸ਼ਟ (kaśaṭ) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ta",
"2": "கஷ்டம்",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tamil: கஷ்டம் (kaṣṭam) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "te",
"2": "కష్టము",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Telugu: కష్టము (kaṣṭamu) (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷels-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कष्",
"3": "-त",
"nocat": "",
"pos1": "",
"pos2": "",
"t1": "to injure, destroy",
"t2": "",
"tr2": ""
},
"expansion": "कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "कष्",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्",
"2": "-त",
"nocap": "1",
"t1": "to injure, destroy"
},
"expansion": "from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta)",
"name": "sa-root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κᾰκός",
"t": "bad, wretched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from the root कष् (kaṣ, “to injure, destroy”) + -त (-ta). Other theories connecting the word to Ancient Greek κᾰκός (kăkós, “bad, wretched”) are formally unsatisfying.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṣṭá",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टान्",
"roman": "kaṣṭān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टौ",
"roman": "kaṣṭau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा",
"roman": "kaṣṭā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टया",
"roman": "kaṣṭayā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभिः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै2",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायै2",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टायाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टासु",
"roman": "kaṣṭāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाः",
"roman": "kaṣṭāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेन",
"roman": "kaṣṭena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टैः",
"roman": "kaṣṭaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभिः1",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाय",
"roman": "kaṣṭāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टात्",
"roman": "kaṣṭāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टाभ्याम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेभ्यः",
"roman": "kaṣṭebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टस्य",
"roman": "kaṣṭasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानाम्",
"roman": "kaṣṭānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टयोः",
"roman": "kaṣṭayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टेषु",
"roman": "kaṣṭeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्ट",
"roman": "kaṣṭa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टे",
"roman": "kaṣṭe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टानि",
"roman": "kaṣṭāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "कष्टा1",
"roman": "kaṣṭā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "adjective",
"tr": "kaṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "कष्ट • (kaṣṭá)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्ट",
"2": "कष्टा"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्ट",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "कष्टा",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
13
],
[
17,
22
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
20,
26
],
[
27,
37
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
25
],
[
26,
33
]
],
"english": "gone from bad to worse; reduced to a wretched condition.",
"roman": "rāmahastamanuprāpya kaṣṭāt kaṣṭataraṃ gatā",
"text": "रामहस्तमनुप्राप्य कष्टात् कष्टतरं गता",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, evil, ill, wrong"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"painful, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficult"
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hard to subdue (as an enemy)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mischievous, hurtful, injurious"
],
"links": [
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"hurtful",
"hurtful"
],
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"boding evil"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ́/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɐʂ.ʈɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कष्ट"
}
Download raw JSONL data for कष्ट meaning in Sanskrit (23.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.