See शम in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱem-",
"4": "",
"5": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“hornless”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комо́лый",
"3": "",
"4": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Russian комо́лый (komólyj, “hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šmùlas",
"3": "",
"4": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šmùlas (“hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hindiz",
"3": "",
"4": "female deer < *hornless"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hindiz (“female deer < *hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεμάς",
"3": "",
"4": "young deer whose antlers have not yet branched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κεμάς (kemás, “young deer whose antlers have not yet branched”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hamalaz",
"3": "",
"4": "mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hamalaz (“mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“hornless”). Cognate with Russian комо́лый (komólyj, “hornless”), Lithuanian šmùlas (“hornless”), Proto-Germanic *hindiz (“female deer < *hornless”)), Ancient Greek κεμάς (kemás, “young deer whose antlers have not yet branched”). Also related to Proto-Germanic *hamalaz (“mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns”).\nMonier-Williams and Ralph Griffith translate the term as “tame, mild, meek”, tying it to the root शम् (śam, “to be tranquil”), but Rigveda 1.32.15 contrasts this adjective with शृङ्गिन् (śṛṅgin, “having horns; horned”), thus implying that the word essentially means “hornless”. From this verse, Monier-Williams and Ralph Griffith may have inferred that the term means \"tame, meek\" by reasoning that horns on a beast signify wildness and aggression.\nMayrhofer, Lubotsky, and Beekes agree on \"hornless\" as the correct translation of this word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śáma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमः",
"roman": "śámaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासः1",
"roman": "śámāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासः1",
"roman": "śámāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमान्",
"roman": "śámān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śámena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमैः",
"roman": "śámaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभिः1",
"roman": "śámebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śámāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śámāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śámasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेषु",
"roman": "śámeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा",
"roman": "śámā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाम्",
"roman": "śámām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमया",
"roman": "śámayā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभिः",
"roman": "śámābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै",
"roman": "śámāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्यः",
"roman": "śámābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाः",
"roman": "śámāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै2",
"roman": "śámāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्यः",
"roman": "śámābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाः",
"roman": "śámāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै2",
"roman": "śámāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाम्",
"roman": "śámāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासु",
"roman": "śámāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śámena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमैः",
"roman": "śámaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभिः1",
"roman": "śámebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śámāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śámāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śámasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेषु",
"roman": "śámeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "śáma"
},
"expansion": "शम • (śáma) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"2": "śámā",
"3": "śáma"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śámā",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rigvedic Sanskrit",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Indra is King of all that moves and moves not, of creatures hornless and horned, the Thunder-wielder.\nOver all living men he rules as sovereign, containing all like spokes within the felly.",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.32.15",
"roman": "sedu rājā kṣayati carṣaṇīnāmarānna nemiḥ pari tā babhūva.",
"text": "इन्द्रो यातोऽवसितस्य राजा शमस्य च शृङ्गिणो वज्रबाहुः ।\nसेदु राजा क्षयति चर्षणीनामरान्न नेमिः परि ता बभूव ॥\nindro yātoʼvasitasya rājā śamasya ca śṛṅgiṇo vajrabāhuḥ."
},
{
"english": "Long stood they there before the task was ended: thou wast the master of the foemen's treasure.",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.33.15",
"roman": "O Maghavan, thou helpest Śvitrā's hornless steer, in combat for the land, mid Tugra's houses.",
"text": "आवः शमं वृषभं तुग्र्यासु क्षेत्रजेषे मघवञ्छ्वित्र्यं गाम् ।\nज्योक्चिदत्र तस्थिवांसो अक्रञ्छत्रूयतामधरा वेदनाकः ॥\nāvaḥ śamaṃ vṛṣabhaṃ tugryāsu kṣetrajeṣe maghavañchvitryaṃ gām.\njyokcidatra tasthivāṃso akrañchatrūyatāmadharā vedanākaḥ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"hornless; without horns"
],
"id": "en-शम-sa-adj-sF~zSZ-b",
"links": [
[
"hornless",
"hornless"
],
[
"horns",
"horns"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Rigvedic) hornless; without horns"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɕɐ́.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "शम"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sama"
},
"expansion": "Pali: sama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: sama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "सम"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: सम (sama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: सम (sama)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शम्"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱemh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "शम्",
"PIE": "ḱemh₂",
"t": "to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful"
},
"expansion": "From the root शम् (śam, “to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful”)",
"name": "sa-root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root शम् (śam, “to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful”). Related to शान्ति (śānti), शान्त (śānta), शमन (śamana), शाम्यति (śāmyati).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śama",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमः",
"roman": "śamaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śamena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śamāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "शम • (śama) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "Classical"
},
"expansion": "(Classical Sanskrit)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 2 3 44 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Sanskrit",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 7 7 34 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 4 5 39 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 70 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 51 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Happiness, desire, arrogance, morality, anger, calmness, and self-control, in fact, all of these keep rotating, O king.",
"ref": "c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.70.38",
"roman": "arthādetāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa.",
"text": "हर्षः कामश्च दर्पश्च धर्मः क्रोधः शमो दमः ।\nअर्थादेतानि सर्वाणि प्रवर्तन्ते नराधिप ॥\nharṣaḥ kāmaśca darpaśca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamo damaḥ."
},
{
"english": "May my intellect abide by morality, calmness, and austerity, O Lord.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 1.32.17.3",
"roman": "dharme me ramatāṃ buddhiḥ śame tapasi ceśvara.",
"text": "धर्मे मे रमतां बुद्धिः शमे तपसि चेश्वर ॥"
},
{
"english": "Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, patience, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and religiousness are the natural duties of a Brahmana.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 18.42",
"roman": "jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam.",
"text": "शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।\nज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥\nśamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca."
},
{
"english": "Indeed, O Vishnu, on seeing you, my inner soul becomes perturbed; I feel not the firmness and calmness.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 11.24.2",
"roman": "dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā dhṛtiṃ na vindāmi śamaṃ ca viṣṇo.",
"text": "दृष्ट्वा हि त्वां प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा धृतिं न विन्दामि शमं च विष्णो ॥"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tranquillity, peacefulness, calmness, rest, equanimity, quietness"
],
"id": "en-शम-sa-noun-vVsOj5Vt",
"links": [
[
"tranquillity",
"tranquillity"
],
[
"peacefulness",
"peacefulness"
],
[
"calmness",
"calmness"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"equanimity",
"equanimity"
],
[
"quietness",
"quietness"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 28 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "One can achieve the cessation of all sufferings, by listening to Lord Krishna's praise repeatingly.",
"ref": "c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.7.14.1",
"roman": "aśeṣasaṃkleśaśamaṃ vidhatte guṇānuvādaśravaṇaṃ murāreḥ.",
"text": "अशेषसंक्लेशशमं विधत्ते गुणानुवादश्रवणं मुरारेः ।"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mitigation; pacification; cessation, extinction, ending"
],
"id": "en-शम-sa-noun-SmiDbPg-",
"links": [
[
"mitigation",
"mitigation"
],
[
"pacification",
"pacification"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"extinction",
"extinction"
],
[
"ending",
"ending"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 28 18 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For the muni yet to advance in yoga, work is said to be the means; for one who is already advanced, apathy is the means.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3",
"roman": "yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.",
"text": "आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणमुच्यते ।\nयोगारूढस्य तस्यैव शमः कारणमुच्यते ॥\nārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate."
}
],
"glosses": [
"lack or abstinence from passion; apathy"
],
"id": "en-शम-sa-noun-OvTEqldr",
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
],
[
"passion",
"passion"
],
[
"apathy",
"apathy"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "शम"
}
{
"categories": [
"Classical Sanskrit",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱemh₂-",
"Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱem-",
"4": "",
"5": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“hornless”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комо́лый",
"3": "",
"4": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Russian комо́лый (komólyj, “hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šmùlas",
"3": "",
"4": "hornless"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šmùlas (“hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hindiz",
"3": "",
"4": "female deer < *hornless"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hindiz (“female deer < *hornless”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κεμάς",
"3": "",
"4": "young deer whose antlers have not yet branched"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κεμάς (kemás, “young deer whose antlers have not yet branched”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hamalaz",
"3": "",
"4": "mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hamalaz (“mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“hornless”). Cognate with Russian комо́лый (komólyj, “hornless”), Lithuanian šmùlas (“hornless”), Proto-Germanic *hindiz (“female deer < *hornless”)), Ancient Greek κεμάς (kemás, “young deer whose antlers have not yet branched”). Also related to Proto-Germanic *hamalaz (“mutilated, truncated < *with cut off horns”).\nMonier-Williams and Ralph Griffith translate the term as “tame, mild, meek”, tying it to the root शम् (śam, “to be tranquil”), but Rigveda 1.32.15 contrasts this adjective with शृङ्गिन् (śṛṅgin, “having horns; horned”), thus implying that the word essentially means “hornless”. From this verse, Monier-Williams and Ralph Griffith may have inferred that the term means \"tame, meek\" by reasoning that horns on a beast signify wildness and aggression.\nMayrhofer, Lubotsky, and Beekes agree on \"hornless\" as the correct translation of this word.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śáma",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमः",
"roman": "śámaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासः1",
"roman": "śámāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासः1",
"roman": "śámāsaḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमौ",
"roman": "śámau",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमान्",
"roman": "śámān",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śámena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमैः",
"roman": "śámaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभिः1",
"roman": "śámebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śámāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śámāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śámasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेषु",
"roman": "śámeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा",
"roman": "śámā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाम्",
"roman": "śámām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाः",
"roman": "śámāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमया",
"roman": "śámayā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभिः",
"roman": "śámābhiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै",
"roman": "śámāyai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्यः",
"roman": "śámābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाः",
"roman": "śámāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै2",
"roman": "śámāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्यः",
"roman": "śámābhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाः",
"roman": "śámāyāḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायै2",
"roman": "śámāyai2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमायाम्",
"roman": "śámāyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमासु",
"roman": "śámāsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śáma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śámam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानि",
"roman": "śámāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमा1",
"roman": "śámā1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śámena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "शमैः",
"roman": "śámaiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभिः1",
"roman": "śámebhiḥ1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śámāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śámāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाभ्याम्",
"roman": "śámābhyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेभ्यः",
"roman": "śámebhyaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śámasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "शमानाम्",
"roman": "śámānām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śáme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमयोः",
"roman": "śámayoḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेषु",
"roman": "śámeṣu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "śáma"
},
"expansion": "शम • (śáma) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"2": "śámā",
"3": "śáma"
},
"name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"adj": "1",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śámā",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"pronominal": "",
"r_stem_a": "ā",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "śáma",
"abl_d": "",
"abl_p": "",
"abl_s": "",
"acc_d": "",
"acc_p": "",
"acc_s": "",
"ambig_final": "",
"at_nom_s": "",
"dat_d": "",
"dat_p": "",
"dat_s": "",
"diaspirate": "",
"gen_d": "",
"gen_p": "",
"gen_s": "",
"ins_d": "",
"ins_p": "",
"ins_s": "",
"loc_d": "",
"loc_p": "",
"loc_s": "",
"n": "",
"nocat": "1",
"nom_d": "",
"nom_p": "",
"nom_s": "",
"note": "",
"novedic": "",
"participle": "",
"pronominal": "",
"root": "",
"sc": "Deva",
"voc_d": "",
"voc_p": "",
"voc_s": ""
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Rigvedic Sanskrit",
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Indra is King of all that moves and moves not, of creatures hornless and horned, the Thunder-wielder.\nOver all living men he rules as sovereign, containing all like spokes within the felly.",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.32.15",
"roman": "sedu rājā kṣayati carṣaṇīnāmarānna nemiḥ pari tā babhūva.",
"text": "इन्द्रो यातोऽवसितस्य राजा शमस्य च शृङ्गिणो वज्रबाहुः ।\nसेदु राजा क्षयति चर्षणीनामरान्न नेमिः परि ता बभूव ॥\nindro yātoʼvasitasya rājā śamasya ca śṛṅgiṇo vajrabāhuḥ."
},
{
"english": "Long stood they there before the task was ended: thou wast the master of the foemen's treasure.",
"ref": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.33.15",
"roman": "O Maghavan, thou helpest Śvitrā's hornless steer, in combat for the land, mid Tugra's houses.",
"text": "आवः शमं वृषभं तुग्र्यासु क्षेत्रजेषे मघवञ्छ्वित्र्यं गाम् ।\nज्योक्चिदत्र तस्थिवांसो अक्रञ्छत्रूयतामधरा वेदनाकः ॥\nāvaḥ śamaṃ vṛṣabhaṃ tugryāsu kṣetrajeṣe maghavañchvitryaṃ gām.\njyokcidatra tasthivāṃso akrañchatrūyatāmadharā vedanākaḥ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"hornless; without horns"
],
"links": [
[
"hornless",
"hornless"
],
[
"horns",
"horns"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Rigvedic) hornless; without horns"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɕɐ́.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "शम"
}
{
"categories": [
"Classical Sanskrit",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शम्",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱemh₂-",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "sama"
},
"expansion": "Pali: sama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: sama"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "सम"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: सम (sama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: सम (sama)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "sa",
"3": "शम्"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱemh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "शम्",
"PIE": "ḱemh₂",
"t": "to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful"
},
"expansion": "From the root शम् (śam, “to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful”)",
"name": "sa-root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root शम् (śam, “to be tired; finish; stop; rest; to be pacified, calm, peaceful”). Related to शान्ति (śānti), शान्त (śānta), शमन (śamana), शाम्यति (śāmyati).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "śama",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "शमः",
"roman": "śamaḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शम",
"roman": "śama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "शमम्",
"roman": "śamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमेन",
"roman": "śamena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमाय",
"roman": "śamāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमात्",
"roman": "śamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमस्य",
"roman": "śamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "शमे",
"roman": "śame",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "शम • (śama) stem, m",
"name": "sa-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "Classical"
},
"expansion": "(Classical Sanskrit)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Happiness, desire, arrogance, morality, anger, calmness, and self-control, in fact, all of these keep rotating, O king.",
"ref": "c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 6.70.38",
"roman": "arthādetāni sarvāṇi pravartante narādhipa.",
"text": "हर्षः कामश्च दर्पश्च धर्मः क्रोधः शमो दमः ।\nअर्थादेतानि सर्वाणि प्रवर्तन्ते नराधिप ॥\nharṣaḥ kāmaśca darpaśca dharmaḥ krodhaḥ śamo damaḥ."
},
{
"english": "May my intellect abide by morality, calmness, and austerity, O Lord.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 1.32.17.3",
"roman": "dharme me ramatāṃ buddhiḥ śame tapasi ceśvara.",
"text": "धर्मे मे रमतां बुद्धिः शमे तपसि चेश्वर ॥"
},
{
"english": "Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, patience, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and religiousness are the natural duties of a Brahmana.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 18.42",
"roman": "jñānaṃ vijñānamāstikyaṃ brahmakarma svabhāvajam.",
"text": "शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।\nज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥\nśamo damastapaḥ śaucaṃ kṣāntirārjavameva ca."
},
{
"english": "Indeed, O Vishnu, on seeing you, my inner soul becomes perturbed; I feel not the firmness and calmness.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 11.24.2",
"roman": "dṛṣṭvā hi tvāṃ pravyathitāntarātmā dhṛtiṃ na vindāmi śamaṃ ca viṣṇo.",
"text": "दृष्ट्वा हि त्वां प्रव्यथितान्तरात्मा धृतिं न विन्दामि शमं च विष्णो ॥"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tranquillity, peacefulness, calmness, rest, equanimity, quietness"
],
"links": [
[
"tranquillity",
"tranquillity"
],
[
"peacefulness",
"peacefulness"
],
[
"calmness",
"calmness"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"equanimity",
"equanimity"
],
[
"quietness",
"quietness"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "One can achieve the cessation of all sufferings, by listening to Lord Krishna's praise repeatingly.",
"ref": "c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.7.14.1",
"roman": "aśeṣasaṃkleśaśamaṃ vidhatte guṇānuvādaśravaṇaṃ murāreḥ.",
"text": "अशेषसंक्लेशशमं विधत्ते गुणानुवादश्रवणं मुरारेः ।"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mitigation; pacification; cessation, extinction, ending"
],
"links": [
[
"mitigation",
"mitigation"
],
[
"pacification",
"pacification"
],
[
"cessation",
"cessation"
],
[
"extinction",
"extinction"
],
[
"ending",
"ending"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Sanskrit terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "For the muni yet to advance in yoga, work is said to be the means; for one who is already advanced, apathy is the means.",
"ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3",
"roman": "yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.",
"text": "आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणमुच्यते ।\nयोगारूढस्य तस्यैव शमः कारणमुच्यते ॥\nārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate."
}
],
"glosses": [
"lack or abstinence from passion; apathy"
],
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
],
[
"passion",
"passion"
],
[
"apathy",
"apathy"
]
],
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "शम"
}
Download raw JSONL data for शम meaning in Sanskrit (22.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Rigvedic",
"path": [
"शम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "शम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Rigvedic",
"path": [
"शम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "शम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"शम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "शम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"शम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "शम",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
"path": [
"शम"
],
"section": "Sanskrit",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "शम",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.