"शठ" meaning in Sanskrit

See शठ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Unknown. Turner classes it with a set of "defective" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin. Proponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-. Etymology templates: {{unk|sa}} Unknown, {{bor|sa|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{ncog|ine-pro|*skel-}} Proto-Indo-European *skel-, {{ncog|grc|σκολῐός||curved, bent}} Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”), {{ncog|la|scelus||an evil deed}} Latin scelus (“an evil deed”) Head templates: {{sa-adj}} शठ • (śaṭha) stem Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-adj-mfn|शठ|शठा|शठ|novedic=1}}, {{sa-decl-noun-m|शठ|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=1|participle=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-f|शठा|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=1|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-n|शठ|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=1|participle=|pronominal=|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}} Forms: śaṭha [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], शठः [nominative, singular], शठौ [dual, nominative], शठाः [nominative, plural], शठ [singular, vocative], शठौ [dual, vocative], शठाः [plural, vocative], शठम् [accusative, singular], शठौ [accusative, dual], शठान् [accusative, plural], शठेन [instrumental, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], शठैः [instrumental, plural], शठाय [dative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dative, dual], शठेभ्यः [dative, plural], शठात् [ablative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], शठेभ्यः [ablative, plural], शठस्य [genitive, singular], शठयोः [dual, genitive], शठानाम् [genitive, plural], शठे [locative, singular], शठयोः [dual, locative], शठेषु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], शठा [nominative, singular], शठे [dual, nominative], शठाः [nominative, plural], शठे [singular, vocative], शठे [dual, vocative], शठाः [plural, vocative], शठाम् [accusative, singular], शठे [accusative, dual], शठाः [accusative, plural], शठया [instrumental, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], शठाभिः [instrumental, plural], शठायै [dative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dative, dual], शठाभ्यः [dative, plural], शठायाः [ablative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], शठाभ्यः [ablative, plural], शठायाः [genitive, singular], शठयोः [dual, genitive], शठानाम् [genitive, plural], शठायाम् [locative, singular], शठयोः [dual, locative], शठासु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], शठम् [nominative, singular], शठे [dual, nominative], शठानि [nominative, plural], शठ [singular, vocative], शठे [dual, vocative], शठानि [plural, vocative], शठम् [accusative, singular], शठे [accusative, dual], शठानि [accusative, plural], शठेन [instrumental, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], शठैः [instrumental, plural], शठाय [dative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dative, dual], शठेभ्यः [dative, plural], शठात् [ablative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], शठेभ्यः [ablative, plural], शठस्य [genitive, singular], शठयोः [dual, genitive], शठानाम् [genitive, plural], शठे [locative, singular], शठयोः [dual, locative], शठेषु [locative, plural]
  1. false, deceitful, fraudulent, wicked, malevolent
    Sense id: en-शठ-sa-adj-Qy7GfI8O

Noun

IPA: /ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Unknown. Turner classes it with a set of "defective" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin. Proponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-. Etymology templates: {{unk|sa}} Unknown, {{bor|sa|qfa-sub}} substrate, {{ncog|ine-pro|*skel-}} Proto-Indo-European *skel-, {{ncog|grc|σκολῐός||curved, bent}} Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”), {{ncog|la|scelus||an evil deed}} Latin scelus (“an evil deed”) Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=m}} शठ • (śaṭha) stem, m Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-m|novedic=1}} Forms: śaṭha [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], शठः [nominative, singular], शठौ [dual, nominative], शठाः [nominative, plural], शठ [singular, vocative], शठौ [dual, vocative], शठाः [plural, vocative], शठम् [accusative, singular], शठौ [accusative, dual], शठान् [accusative, plural], शठेन [instrumental, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], शठैः [instrumental, plural], शठाय [dative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [dative, dual], शठेभ्यः [dative, plural], शठात् [ablative, singular], शठाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], शठेभ्यः [ablative, plural], शठस्य [genitive, singular], शठयोः [dual, genitive], शठानाम् [genitive, plural], शठे [locative, singular], शठयोः [dual, locative], शठेषु [locative, plural]
  1. cheat, rogue
    Sense id: en-शठ-sa-noun-ZV4dT03y
  2. cheat, rogue
    a false or deceitful lover (who pretends to love one woman while his heart is fixed on another)
    Sense id: en-शठ-sa-noun-tpoCxlCd
  3. a male given name Categories (topical): Sanskrit given names, Sanskrit male given names
    Sense id: en-शठ-sa-noun-h8YdwBAs Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 5 17 28 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 8 29 60 Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 7 15 15 63 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 16 68 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 3 9 10 78
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σκολῐός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "curved, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scelus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "an evil deed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scelus (“an evil deed”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.\nTurner classes it with a set of \"defective\" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin.\nProponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "śaṭha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठान्",
      "roman": "śaṭhān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठा",
      "roman": "śaṭhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठया",
      "roman": "śaṭhayā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभिः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायै",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठासु",
      "roman": "śaṭhāsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "शठ • (śaṭha) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "2": "शठा",
        "3": "शठ",
        "novedic": "1"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठा",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Bear wickedness with the wicked",
          "roman": "śaṭhe śāṭhyaṃ samācaret",
          "text": "शठे शाठ्यं समाचरेत्",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "false, deceitful, fraudulent, wicked, malevolent"
      ],
      "id": "en-शठ-sa-adj-Qy7GfI8O",
      "links": [
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "deceitful",
          "deceitful"
        ],
        [
          "fraudulent",
          "fraudulent"
        ],
        [
          "wicked",
          "wicked"
        ],
        [
          "malevolent",
          "malevolent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fortunatov's law"
  ],
  "word": "शठ"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "saṭha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: saṭha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: saṭha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ശഠൻ",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ശഠൻ (śaṭhaṉ) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ശഠൻ (śaṭhaṉ) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σκολῐός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "curved, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scelus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "an evil deed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scelus (“an evil deed”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.\nTurner classes it with a set of \"defective\" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin.\nProponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "śaṭha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठान्",
      "roman": "śaṭhān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "शठ • (śaṭha) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "novedic": "1"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cheat, rogue"
      ],
      "id": "en-शठ-sa-noun-ZV4dT03y",
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "rogue",
          "rogue"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cheat, rogue",
        "a false or deceitful lover (who pretends to love one woman while his heart is fixed on another)"
      ],
      "id": "en-शठ-sa-noun-tpoCxlCd",
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "rogue",
          "rogue"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "deceitful",
          "deceitful"
        ],
        [
          "lover",
          "lover"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Sanskrit given names",
          "parents": [
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Sanskrit male given names",
          "parents": [
            "Male given names",
            "Given names",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 17 28 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 8 29 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 15 15 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 16 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 9 10 78",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name"
      ],
      "id": "en-शठ-sa-noun-h8YdwBAs",
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fortunatov's law"
  ],
  "word": "शठ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from substrate languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σκολῐός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "curved, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scelus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "an evil deed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scelus (“an evil deed”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.\nTurner classes it with a set of \"defective\" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin.\nProponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "śaṭha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठान्",
      "roman": "śaṭhān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठा",
      "roman": "śaṭhā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठया",
      "roman": "śaṭhayā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभिः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायै",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठायाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठासु",
      "roman": "śaṭhāsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानि",
      "roman": "śaṭhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "शठ • (śaṭha) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "2": "शठा",
        "3": "शठ",
        "novedic": "1"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठा",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "शठ",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "1",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Bear wickedness with the wicked",
          "roman": "śaṭhe śāṭhyaṃ samācaret",
          "text": "शठे शाठ्यं समाचरेत्",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "false, deceitful, fraudulent, wicked, malevolent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "deceitful",
          "deceitful"
        ],
        [
          "fraudulent",
          "fraudulent"
        ],
        [
          "wicked",
          "wicked"
        ],
        [
          "malevolent",
          "malevolent"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fortunatov's law"
  ],
  "word": "शठ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from substrate languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "saṭha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: saṭha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: saṭha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "ശഠൻ",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: ശഠൻ (śaṭhaṉ) (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: ശഠൻ (śaṭhaṉ) (learned)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "qfa-sub"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*skel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skel-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σκολῐός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "curved, bent"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "scelus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "an evil deed"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin scelus (“an evil deed”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown.\nTurner classes it with a set of \"defective\" words, including शण्ठ (śaṇṭha, “rogue, fool; impotent”) (only attested lexicographically), षण्ढ (ṣaṇḍha, “eunuch”), ultimately claiming a substrate origin.\nProponents of Fortunatov's law, including Burrow, claim descent from earlier *शल्थ (śaltha), from Proto-Indo-European *skel-. This would mean the word is a doublet of छल (chala, “deceit”), and a cognate of Ancient Greek σκολῐός (skoliós, “curved, bent”) and Latin scelus (“an evil deed”). The derivation is not quite clear however; aspiration is unexplained and the initial reflects *(s)ḱel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "śaṭha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठ",
      "roman": "śaṭha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाः",
      "roman": "śaṭhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठम्",
      "roman": "śaṭham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठौ",
      "roman": "śaṭhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठान्",
      "roman": "śaṭhān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेन",
      "roman": "śaṭhena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठैः",
      "roman": "śaṭhaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाय",
      "roman": "śaṭhāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठात्",
      "roman": "śaṭhāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेभ्यः",
      "roman": "śaṭhebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठस्य",
      "roman": "śaṭhasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठानाम्",
      "roman": "śaṭhānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठे",
      "roman": "śaṭhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठयोः",
      "roman": "śaṭhayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "शठेषु",
      "roman": "śaṭheṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "शठ • (śaṭha) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "novedic": "1"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cheat, rogue"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "rogue",
          "rogue"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cheat, rogue",
        "a false or deceitful lover (who pretends to love one woman while his heart is fixed on another)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cheat",
          "cheat"
        ],
        [
          "rogue",
          "rogue"
        ],
        [
          "false",
          "false"
        ],
        [
          "deceitful",
          "deceitful"
        ],
        [
          "lover",
          "lover"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit given names",
        "Sanskrit male given names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a male given name"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "given name",
          "given name"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɕɐ.ʈʰɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Fortunatov's law"
  ],
  "word": "शठ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for शठ meaning in Sanskrit (18.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.