"रूढ" meaning in Sanskrit

See रूढ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɾuː.ɖʱɐ́/ [Vedic], /ˈɾuː.ɖʱɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: An Old Indo-Aryan continuation of *ruẓḍʰá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”). The retraction of the sibilant in *ruẓḍʰá was triggered by the application of the RUKI sound law to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás in the Old Indo-Aryan stage. This was a dialectal form with a development parallel to the expected sound change which would have yielded *ruddʰá. For a similar Indo-Aryan development, see Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā). Etymology templates: {{inh|sa|iir-pro|*Hrudᶻdʰás}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, {{inh|sa|ine-pro||*h₁ludʰ-tó-s}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, {{cog|ae|𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀|t=grown}} Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”), {{noncog|hi|कुढ़ना}} Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā) Head templates: {{sa-adj|tr=rūḍhá}} रूढ • (rūḍhá) stem Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-adj-mfn|rūḍhá|rūḍhā́|rūḍhá}}, {{sa-decl-noun-m|rūḍhá|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|adj=1|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-f|rūḍhā́|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-n|rūḍhá|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}} Forms: rūḍhá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], रूढः [nominative, singular], रूढौ [dual, nominative], रूढा1 [dual, nominative], रूढाः [nominative, plural], रूढासः1 [nominative, plural], रूढ [singular, vocative], रूढौ [dual, vocative], रूढा1 [dual, vocative], रूढाः [plural, vocative], रूढासः1 [plural, vocative], रूढम् [accusative, singular], रूढौ [accusative, dual], रूढा1 [accusative, dual], रूढान् [accusative, plural], रूढेन [instrumental, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], रूढैः [instrumental, plural], रूढेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], रूढाय [dative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dative, dual], रूढेभ्यः [dative, plural], रूढात् [ablative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], रूढेभ्यः [ablative, plural], रूढस्य [genitive, singular], रूढयोः [dual, genitive], रूढानाम् [genitive, plural], रूढे [locative, singular], रूढयोः [dual, locative], रूढेषु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], रूढा [nominative, singular], रूढे [dual, nominative], रूढाः [nominative, plural], रूढे [singular, vocative], रूढे [dual, vocative], रूढाः [plural, vocative], रूढाम् [accusative, singular], रूढे [accusative, dual], रूढाः [accusative, plural], रूढया [instrumental, singular], रूढा1 [instrumental, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], रूढाभिः [instrumental, plural], रूढायै [dative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dative, dual], रूढाभ्यः [dative, plural], रूढायाः [ablative, singular], रूढायै2 [ablative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], रूढाभ्यः [ablative, plural], रूढायाः [genitive, singular], रूढायै2 [genitive, singular], रूढयोः [dual, genitive], रूढानाम् [genitive, plural], रूढायाम् [locative, singular], रूढयोः [dual, locative], रूढासु [locative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], रूढम् [nominative, singular], रूढे [dual, nominative], रूढानि [nominative, plural], रूढा1 [nominative, plural], रूढ [singular, vocative], रूढे [dual, vocative], रूढानि [plural, vocative], रूढा1 [plural, vocative], रूढम् [accusative, singular], रूढे [accusative, dual], रूढानि [accusative, plural], रूढा1 [accusative, plural], रूढेन [instrumental, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], रूढैः [instrumental, plural], रूढेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], रूढाय [dative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [dative, dual], रूढेभ्यः [dative, plural], रूढात् [ablative, singular], रूढाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], रूढेभ्यः [ablative, plural], रूढस्य [genitive, singular], रूढयोः [dual, genitive], रूढानाम् [genitive, plural], रूढे [locative, singular], रूढयोः [dual, locative], रूढेषु [locative, plural]
  1. grown, sprung up, arisen, ascended
    Sense id: en-रूढ-sa-adj-AdhG3owc Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit terms in nonstandard scripts, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Undetermined language links Synonyms: ৰ [Assamese, character], ূ [Assamese, character], ঢ [Assamese, character], ᬭ [Balinese, character], ᬹ [Balinese, character], ᬠ [Balinese, character], র [Bengali], ূ [Bengali], ঢ [Bengali], 𑀭 [Brahmi, character], 𑀽 [Brahmi, character], 𑀠 [Brahmi, character], ရ [Burmese, character], ူ [Burmese, character], ဎ [Burmese, character], ર [Gujarati, character], ૂ [Gujarati, character], ઢ [Gujarati, character], ਰ [Gurmukhi, character], ੂ [Gurmukhi, character], ਢ [Gurmukhi, character], ꦫ [Javanese, character], ꦹ [Javanese, character], ꦞ [Javanese, character], ರೂಢ [Kannada, character], រ [Khmer, character], ូ [Khmer, character], ឍ [Khmer, character], ຣ [Lao, character], ູ [Lao, character], ຒ [Lao, character], ര [Malayalam, character], ൂ [Malayalam, character], ഢ [Malayalam, character], 𑘨 [Modi, character], 𑘴 [Modi, character], 𑘛 [Modi, character], ᠷᠤᠤᢎᠾᠠ᠋ [Mongolian], 𑐬 [Newa, character], 𑐹 [Newa, character], 𑐝 [Newa, character], ର [Odia, character], ୂ [Odia, character], ଢ [Odia, character], ꢬꢹꢟ [Saurashtra, character], 𑆫 [Sharada, character], 𑆷 [Sharada, character], 𑆞 [Sharada, character], ර [Sinhalese, character], ූ [Sinhalese, character], ඪ [Sinhalese, character], 𑚤 [Takri, character], 𑚱 [Takri, character], 𑚗 [Takri, character], ரூட⁴ [Tamil, character], రూఢ [Telugu, character], ร [Thai, character], ู [Thai, character], ฒ [Thai, character], རཱུ་ཌྷ [Tibetan, character], 𑒩 [Tirhuta, character], 𑒴 [Tirhuta, character], 𑒜 [Tirhuta, character] Synonyms (Bhaiksuki script): 𑰨, 𑰳, 𑰛 Synonyms (Grantha script): 𑌰𑍂𑌢 Synonyms (Kaithi script): 𑂩, 𑂴, 𑂛 Synonyms (Manchu script): ᡵᡠᡠᢟᠠ Synonyms (Nandinagari script): 𑧈, 𑧕, 𑦻 Synonyms (Siddham script): 𑖨, 𑖳, 𑖛 Synonyms (Soyombo script): 𑩼𑩒𑩛𑩩 Synonyms (Zanabazar Square script): 𑨫𑨃𑨊𑨗
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "rūḷha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: rūḷha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: rūḷha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀭𑀽𑀠"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀠 (rūḍha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀠 (rūḍha)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hrudᶻdʰás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₁ludʰ-tó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀",
        "t": "grown"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "कुढ़ना"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An Old Indo-Aryan continuation of *ruẓḍʰá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”).\nThe retraction of the sibilant in *ruẓḍʰá was triggered by the application of the RUKI sound law to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás in the Old Indo-Aryan stage. This was a dialectal form with a development parallel to the expected sound change which would have yielded *ruddʰá. For a similar Indo-Aryan development, see Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūḍhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढः",
      "roman": "rūḍháḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rūḍhaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासः1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rūḍhaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढान्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेन",
      "roman": "rūḍhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढैः",
      "roman": "rūḍhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभिः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाय",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढात्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढस्य",
      "roman": "rūḍhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेषु",
      "roman": "rūḍhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढया",
      "roman": "rūḍháyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभिः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै2",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै2",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासु",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́su",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेन",
      "roman": "rūḍhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढैः",
      "roman": "rūḍhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभिः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाय",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढात्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढस्य",
      "roman": "rūḍhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेषु",
      "roman": "rūḍhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "rūḍhá"
      },
      "expansion": "रूढ • (rūḍhá) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "2": "rūḍhā́",
        "3": "rūḍhá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhā́",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Among trees, that tree is well supported which has grown from its own birthplace on level ground and is firm.",
          "ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) 6.42.2",
          "roman": "vanaspatīnāṃ pratiṣṭhito yaḥ same bhūmyai svādyone rūḍhaḥ pratyeva tiṣṭhati",
          "text": "वनस्पतीनां प्रतिष्ठितो यः समे भूम्यै स्वाद्योने रूढः प्रत्येव तिष्ठति"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grown, sprung up, arisen, ascended"
      ],
      "id": "en-रूढ-sa-adj-AdhG3owc",
      "links": [
        [
          "grown",
          "grown"
        ],
        [
          "sprung",
          "sprung"
        ],
        [
          "arisen",
          "arisen"
        ],
        [
          "ascended",
          "ascended"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Assamese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ৰ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Assamese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ূ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Assamese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ঢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Balinese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ᬭ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Balinese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ᬹ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Balinese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ᬠ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Bengali"
          ],
          "word": "র"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Bengali"
          ],
          "word": "ূ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Bengali"
          ],
          "word": "ঢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brahmi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑀭"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brahmi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑀽"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brahmi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑀠"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Burmese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ရ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Burmese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ူ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Burmese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ဎ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gujarati",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ર"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gujarati",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ૂ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gujarati",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ઢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gurmukhi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ਰ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gurmukhi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ੂ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Gurmukhi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ਢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Javanese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ꦫ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Javanese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ꦹ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Javanese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ꦞ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Kannada",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ರೂಢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Khmer",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "រ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Khmer",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ូ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Khmer",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ឍ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Lao",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ຣ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Lao",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ູ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Lao",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ຒ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Malayalam",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ര"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Malayalam",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ൂ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Malayalam",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ഢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Modi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑘨"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Modi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑘴"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Modi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑘛"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Mongolian"
          ],
          "word": "ᠷᠤᠤᢎᠾᠠ᠋"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Newa",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑐬"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Newa",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑐹"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Newa",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑐝"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Odia",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ର"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Odia",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ୂ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Odia",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ଢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Saurashtra",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ꢬꢹꢟ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sharada",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑆫"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sharada",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑆷"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sharada",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑆞"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sinhalese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ර"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sinhalese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ූ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sinhalese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ඪ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Takri",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑚤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Takri",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑚱"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Takri",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑚗"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tamil",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ரூட⁴"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Telugu",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "రూఢ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Thai",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ร"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Thai",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ู"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Thai",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ฒ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tibetan",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "རཱུ་ཌྷ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tirhuta",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑒩"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tirhuta",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑒴"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tirhuta",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑒜"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "word": "𑰨"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "word": "𑰳"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
          "word": "𑰛"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Grantha script",
          "word": "𑌰𑍂𑌢"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
          "sense": "Kaithi script",
          "word": "𑂩"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
          "sense": "Kaithi script",
          "word": "𑂴"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
          "sense": "Kaithi script",
          "word": "𑂛"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Manchu script",
          "word": "ᡵᡠᡠᢟᠠ"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
          "sense": "Nandinagari script",
          "word": "𑧈"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
          "sense": "Nandinagari script",
          "word": "𑧕"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
          "sense": "Nandinagari script",
          "word": "𑦻"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Siddham script",
          "sense": "Siddham script",
          "word": "𑖨"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Siddham script",
          "sense": "Siddham script",
          "word": "𑖳"
        },
        {
          "qualifier": "Siddham script",
          "sense": "Siddham script",
          "word": "𑖛"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Soyombo script",
          "word": "𑩼𑩒𑩛𑩩"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Zanabazar Square script",
          "word": "𑨫𑨃𑨊𑨗"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾuː.ɖʱɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɾuː.ɖʱɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "रूढ"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "rūḷha"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: rūḷha",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: rūḷha"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀭𑀽𑀠"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀠 (rūḍha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀭𑀽𑀠 (rūḍha)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*Hrudᶻdʰás"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₁ludʰ-tó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀",
        "t": "grown"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hi",
        "2": "कुढ़ना"
      },
      "expansion": "Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā)",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "An Old Indo-Aryan continuation of *ruẓḍʰá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ludʰ-tó-s, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬀 (uruzda, “grown”).\nThe retraction of the sibilant in *ruẓḍʰá was triggered by the application of the RUKI sound law to Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudᶻdʰás in the Old Indo-Aryan stage. This was a dialectal form with a development parallel to the expected sound change which would have yielded *ruddʰá. For a similar Indo-Aryan development, see Hindi कुढ़ना (kuṛhnā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūḍhá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढः",
      "roman": "rūḍháḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rūḍhaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासः1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढौ",
      "roman": "rūḍhaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढान्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेन",
      "roman": "rūḍhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढैः",
      "roman": "rūḍhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभिः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाय",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढात्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढस्य",
      "roman": "rūḍhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेषु",
      "roman": "rūḍhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ā-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढया",
      "roman": "rūḍháyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभिः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै2",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाः",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायै2",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढायाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́yām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढासु",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́su",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढ",
      "roman": "rū́ḍha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rū́ḍhā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानि",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढा1",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेन",
      "roman": "rūḍhéna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढैः",
      "roman": "rūḍhaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभिः1",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाय",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढात्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेभ्यः",
      "roman": "rūḍhébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढस्य",
      "roman": "rūḍhásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढानाम्",
      "roman": "rūḍhā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढे",
      "roman": "rūḍhé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढयोः",
      "roman": "rūḍháyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "रूढेषु",
      "roman": "rūḍhéṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "tr": "rūḍhá"
      },
      "expansion": "रूढ • (rūḍhá) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "2": "rūḍhā́",
        "3": "rūḍhá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhā́",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rūḍhá",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
        "Sanskrit adjectives",
        "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
        "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sanskrit lemmas",
        "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
        "Sanskrit terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
        "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations",
        "Undetermined language links"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Among trees, that tree is well supported which has grown from its own birthplace on level ground and is firm.",
          "ref": "c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) 6.42.2",
          "roman": "vanaspatīnāṃ pratiṣṭhito yaḥ same bhūmyai svādyone rūḍhaḥ pratyeva tiṣṭhati",
          "text": "वनस्पतीनां प्रतिष्ठितो यः समे भूम्यै स्वाद्योने रूढः प्रत्येव तिष्ठति"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "grown, sprung up, arisen, ascended"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grown",
          "grown"
        ],
        [
          "sprung",
          "sprung"
        ],
        [
          "arisen",
          "arisen"
        ],
        [
          "ascended",
          "ascended"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɾuː.ɖʱɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɾuː.ɖʱɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ৰ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ূ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Assamese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ঢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬭ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬹ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᬠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "র"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "ূ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "ঢ"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰨"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰳"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "sense": "Bhaiksuki script",
      "word": "𑰛"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀠"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ရ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ူ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ဎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ર"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ૂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gujarati",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ઢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਰ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ੂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gurmukhi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ਢ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Grantha script",
      "word": "𑌰𑍂𑌢"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦫ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦹ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Javanese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꦞ"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂩"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂴"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Kaithi script",
      "sense": "Kaithi script",
      "word": "𑂛"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Kannada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ರೂಢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "រ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ូ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ឍ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ຣ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ູ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ຒ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ര"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ൂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malayalam",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ഢ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Manchu script",
      "word": "ᡵᡠᡠᢟᠠ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘨"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Modi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑘛"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠷᠤᠤᢎᠾᠠ᠋"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑧈"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑧕"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Nandinagari script",
      "sense": "Nandinagari script",
      "word": "𑦻"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐬"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Newa",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑐝"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ର"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ୂ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Odia",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ଢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Saurashtra",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ꢬꢹꢟ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆫"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sharada",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑆞"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Siddham script",
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖨"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Siddham script",
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖳"
    },
    {
      "qualifier": "Siddham script",
      "sense": "Siddham script",
      "word": "𑖛"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ර"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ූ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ඪ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Soyombo script",
      "word": "𑩼𑩒𑩛𑩩"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚱"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Takri",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑚗"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tamil",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ரூட⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Telugu",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "రూఢ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ร"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ู"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ฒ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tibetan",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "རཱུ་ཌྷ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒩"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tirhuta",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑒜"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Zanabazar Square script",
      "word": "𑨫𑨃𑨊𑨗"
    }
  ],
  "word": "रूढ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for रूढ meaning in Sanskrit (19.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "रूढ"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "रूढ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "रूढ"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "रूढ",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Sanskrit]; cleaned text: Notes",
  "path": [
    "रूढ"
  ],
  "section": "Sanskrit",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "रूढ",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.