товарищ in Russian

IPA: [tɐˈvarʲɪɕː] Audio: Ru-товарищ.ogg

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Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ + *-iščь. Ultimately an early borrowing of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”) + ishchi (“one who works”), from ish (“business, work”), from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”) (or, possibly instead -iš (“friend”)). See modern Turkish işçi (“worker”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|товарищь|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), {{inh+|ru|orv|товарищь}} Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*tovariščь}} Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, {{af|sla-pro|*tovarъ|*-iščь|nocat=1}} *tovarъ + *-iščь, {{der|ru|trk|-}} Turkic, {{der|ru|otk|-}} Old Turkic, {{m|und|tavar|t=property, goods, trade, wealth}} tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”), {{m|und|ishchi|t=one who works}} ishchi (“one who works”), {{m|und|ish|t=business, work}} ish (“business, work”), {{der|ru|trk-pro|*īĺč|t=work}} Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”), {{m|und|-iš|t=friend}} -iš (“friend”), {{cog|tr|işçi|t=worker}} Turkish işçi (“worker”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|това́рищ|a=an|adj=това́рищеский}} това́рищ • (továrišč) m anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, relational adjective това́рищеский) Forms: това́рищ [canonical], továrišč [romanization], това́рища [genitive], това́рищи [nominative, plural], това́рищей [genitive, plural], това́рищеский [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], това́рищ [nominative, singular], това́рищи [nominative, plural], това́рища [genitive, singular], това́рищей [genitive, plural], това́рищу [dative, singular], това́рищам [dative, plural], това́рища [accusative, singular], това́рищей [accusative, plural], това́рищем [instrumental, singular], това́рищами [instrumental, plural], това́рище [prepositional, singular], това́рищах [plural, prepositional]

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "po-továriščeski",
      "word": "по-това́рищески"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sotovárišč",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сотова́рищ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "továriščeskij",
      "word": "това́рищеский"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "továriščestvo",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "това́рищество"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "továrka",
      "word": "това́рка"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmn",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Mandarin:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "達瓦里希"
          },
          "expansion": "達瓦里希／达瓦里希 (dáwǎlǐxī)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mandarin: 達瓦里希／达瓦里希 (dáwǎlǐxī)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tovarish",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: tovarish",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: tovarish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "toveri",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: toveri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: toveri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "tovarišša",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: tovarišša",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: tovarišša"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "табаарыс",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yakut: табаарыс (tabaarıs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yakut: табаарыс (tabaarıs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "товарищь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "товарищь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tovariščь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tovariščь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tovarъ",
        "3": "*-iščь",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*tovarъ + *-iščь",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "otk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "tavar",
        "t": "property, goods, trade, wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "ishchi",
        "t": "one who works"
      },
      "expansion": "ishchi (“one who works”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "ish",
        "t": "business, work"
      },
      "expansion": "ish (“business, work”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*īĺč",
        "t": "work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "-iš",
        "t": "friend"
      },
      "expansion": "-iš (“friend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "işçi",
        "t": "worker"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish işçi (“worker”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ + *-iščь.\nUltimately an early borrowing of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”) + ishchi (“one who works”), from ish (“business, work”), from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”) (or, possibly instead -iš (“friend”)). See modern Turkish işçi (“worker”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "това́рищ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "továrišč",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищи",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищеский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sibilant-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищ",
      "roman": "továrišč",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищи",
      "roman": "továrišči",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "roman": "továrišča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "roman": "továriščej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищу",
      "roman": "továrišču",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищам",
      "roman": "továriščam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "roman": "továrišča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "roman": "továriščej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищем",
      "roman": "továriščem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищами",
      "roman": "továriščami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рище",
      "roman": "továrišče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищах",
      "roman": "továriščax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "това́рищ",
        "a": "an",
        "adj": "това́рищеский"
      },
      "expansion": "това́рищ • (továrišč) m anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, relational adjective това́рищеский)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "comrade, friend (male or female)"
      ],
      "id": "en-товарищ-ru-noun-kKK3i3st",
      "links": [
        [
          "comrade",
          "comrade"
        ],
        [
          "friend",
          "friend"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 40 8 2 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 41 8 2 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 24 28 27 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "ru:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 22 21 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "ru:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mate, companion, pal (male or female)"
      ],
      "id": "en-товарищ-ru-noun-Cno2laaf",
      "links": [
        [
          "mate",
          "mate"
        ],
        [
          "companion",
          "companion"
        ],
        [
          "pal",
          "pal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 24 28 27 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "ru:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 22 21 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "ru:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "colleague, assistant (male or female)"
      ],
      "id": "en-товарищ-ru-noun-xlwxVgcO",
      "links": [
        [
          "colleague",
          "colleague"
        ],
        [
          "assistant",
          "assistant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 24 28 27 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "ru:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 22 21 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "ru:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "classmate, fellow student (male or female)"
      ],
      "id": "en-товарищ-ru-noun-PS3Z15gJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "classmate",
          "classmate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 40 8 2 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 41 8 2 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 18 19 12 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 15 14 9 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms of address",
          "parents": [
            "Terms of address",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 21 4 7 38",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Communism",
          "orig": "ru:Communism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Leftism",
            "Socialism",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Economics",
            "All topics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 24 28 27 18",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "ru:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 28 22 21 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Titles",
          "orig": "ru:Titles",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 7 7 8 70",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Soviet Union",
          "orig": "ru:Soviet Union",
          "parents": [
            "Asia",
            "Europe",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a word used to address compatriots, fellow citizens (male or female) in the Soviet era"
      ],
      "id": "en-товарищ-ru-noun-gdGBrDr~",
      "links": [
        [
          "Soviet",
          "Soviet#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tɐˈvarʲɪɕː]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-товарищ.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "továrišč",
      "word": "това́рищъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tov.",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "тов."
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "t.",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "т."
    }
  ],
  "word": "товарищ"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian sibilant-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian sibilant-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Old Turkic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
    "Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
    "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms of address",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "ru:Communism",
    "ru:People",
    "ru:Soviet Union",
    "ru:Titles"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "po-továriščeski",
      "word": "по-това́рищески"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sotovárišč",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сотова́рищ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "továriščeskij",
      "word": "това́рищеский"
    },
    {
      "roman": "továriščestvo",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "това́рищество"
    },
    {
      "roman": "továrka",
      "word": "това́рка"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chinese:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chinese:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cmn",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Mandarin:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "達瓦里希"
          },
          "expansion": "達瓦里希／达瓦里希 (dáwǎlǐxī)",
          "name": "zh-l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mandarin: 達瓦里希／达瓦里希 (dáwǎlǐxī)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tovarish",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: tovarish",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: tovarish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "toveri",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: toveri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: toveri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "tovarišša",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: tovarišša",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: tovarišša"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "табаарыс",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yakut: табаарыс (tabaarıs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yakut: табаарыс (tabaarıs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "товарищь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "товарищь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tovariščь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tovariščь",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*tovarъ",
        "3": "*-iščь",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*tovarъ + *-iščь",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "otk",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Turkic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "tavar",
        "t": "property, goods, trade, wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "ishchi",
        "t": "one who works"
      },
      "expansion": "ishchi (“one who works”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "ish",
        "t": "business, work"
      },
      "expansion": "ish (“business, work”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*īĺč",
        "t": "work"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "-iš",
        "t": "friend"
      },
      "expansion": "-iš (“friend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "işçi",
        "t": "worker"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish işçi (“worker”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ + *-iščь.\nUltimately an early borrowing of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”) + ishchi (“one who works”), from ish (“business, work”), from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”) (or, possibly instead -iš (“friend”)). See modern Turkish işçi (“worker”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "това́рищ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "továrišč",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищи",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищеский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sibilant-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищ",
      "roman": "továrišč",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищи",
      "roman": "továrišči",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "roman": "továrišča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "roman": "továriščej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищу",
      "roman": "továrišču",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищам",
      "roman": "továriščam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рища",
      "roman": "továrišča",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищей",
      "roman": "továriščej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищем",
      "roman": "továriščem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищами",
      "roman": "továriščami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рище",
      "roman": "továrišče",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "това́рищах",
      "roman": "továriščax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "това́рищ",
        "a": "an",
        "adj": "това́рищеский"
      },
      "expansion": "това́рищ • (továrišč) m anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, relational adjective това́рищеский)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "comrade, friend (male or female)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "comrade",
          "comrade"
        ],
        [
          "friend",
          "friend"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mate, companion, pal (male or female)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mate",
          "mate"
        ],
        [
          "companion",
          "companion"
        ],
        [
          "pal",
          "pal"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "colleague, assistant (male or female)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "colleague",
          "colleague"
        ],
        [
          "assistant",
          "assistant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "classmate, fellow student (male or female)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "classmate",
          "classmate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a word used to address compatriots, fellow citizens (male or female) in the Soviet era"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Soviet",
          "Soviet#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tɐˈvarʲɪɕː]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-товарищ.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%89.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "továrišč",
      "word": "това́рищъ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tov.",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "тов."
    },
    {
      "roman": "t.",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "т."
    }
  ],
  "word": "товарищ"
}

"товарищ" meaning in Russian

Noun