"кефир" meaning in Russian

See кефир in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kʲɪˈfʲir] Audio: Ru-кефир.ogg , LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-кефир.wav [Saint-Petersburg]
Etymology: Borrowed into Russian from a language of the Caucasus; compare Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər), Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı). The ultimate origin is unknown. Relation with a potential Kipchak substrate *köpür-, akin to Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”), is unknown. Etymology templates: {{cog|xmf|ქიფური}} Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), {{cog|os|къӕпы}} Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), {{cog|ady|чыфыр}} West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər), {{cog|krc|гыпы}} Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı), {{unk|ru|title=unknown}} unknown, {{cog|tr|köpürmek|t=to foam}} Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), {{cog|az|köpürmək|t=to foam}} Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|кефи́р|adj=кефи́рный|dim=кефи́рчик}} кефи́р • (kefír) m inan (genitive кефи́ра, nominative plural кефи́ры, genitive plural кефи́ров, relational adjective кефи́рный, diminutive кефи́рчик) Forms: кефи́р [canonical, inanimate, masculine], kefír [romanization], кефи́ра [genitive], кефи́ры [nominative, plural], кефи́ров [genitive, plural], кефи́рный [adjective, relational], кефи́рчик [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], кефи́р [nominative, singular], кефи́ры [nominative, plural], кефи́ра [genitive, singular], кефи́ров [genitive, plural], кефи́ру [dative, singular], кефи́рам [dative, plural], кефи́р [accusative, singular], кефи́ры [accusative, plural], кефи́ром [instrumental, singular], кефи́рами [instrumental, plural], кефи́ре [prepositional, singular], кефи́рах [plural, prepositional], кефи́ръ [alternative], кафи́р [alternative, obsolete], кэфи́р [alternative, obsolete], кафи́ръ [alternative, obsolete], кэфи́ръ [alternative, obsolete]
  1. kefir (a yogurt-like beverage made from fermented cows' milk) Related terms: ря́женка (rjáženka) [feminine]
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kefir",
      "word": "կեֆիր"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kefir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "word": "κεφίρ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kepireu",
      "word": "케피르"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefīrs"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefyras"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "ქიფური",
      "ქიფური#Mingrelian"
    ],
    [
      "къӕпы",
      "къӕпы#Ossetian"
    ],
    [
      "чыфыр",
      "чыфыр#West_Circassian"
    ],
    [
      "гыпы",
      "гыпы#Karachay-Balkar"
    ],
    [
      "*köpür-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köpür-"
    ],
    [
      "köpürmek",
      "köpürmek#Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "köpürmək",
      "köpürmək#Azerbaijani"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xmf",
        "2": "ქიფური"
      },
      "expansion": "Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "къӕпы"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ady",
        "2": "чыфыр"
      },
      "expansion": "West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krc",
        "2": "гыпы"
      },
      "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "title": "unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "köpürmek",
        "t": "to foam"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "az",
        "2": "köpürmək",
        "t": "to foam"
      },
      "expansion": "Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Russian from a language of the Caucasus; compare Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər), Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı). The ultimate origin is unknown. Relation with a potential Kipchak substrate *köpür-, akin to Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”), is unknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kefír",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ра",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ра",
          "кефира"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ров",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ров",
          "кефиров"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рный",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рный",
          "кефирный"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рчик",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рчик",
          "кефирчик"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́р",
          "кефир#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ра",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ра",
          "кефира#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ров",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ров",
          "кефиров#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ру",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ру",
          "кефиру#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рам",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рам",
          "кефирам#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́р",
          "кефир#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ром",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ром",
          "кефиром#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рами",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рами",
          "кефирами#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ре",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ре",
          "кефире#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рах",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рах",
          "кефирах#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ръ",
      "roman": "kefír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кафи́р",
      "roman": "kafír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кэфи́р",
      "roman": "kɛfír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кафи́ръ",
      "roman": "kafír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кэфи́ръ",
      "roman": "kɛfír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кефи́р",
        "adj": "кефи́рный",
        "dim": "кефи́рчик"
      },
      "expansion": "кефи́р • (kefír) m inan (genitive кефи́ра, nominative plural кефи́ры, genitive plural кефи́ров, relational adjective кефи́рный, diminutive кефи́рчик)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Beverages",
          "orig": "ru:Beverages",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Dairy products",
          "orig": "ru:Dairy products",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
          "roman": "Ja prósto obožáju kefír, no zató terpétʹ ne mogú molokó!",
          "text": "Я про́сто обожа́ю кефи́р, но зато́ терпе́ть не могу́ молоко́!",
          "translation": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kefir (a yogurt-like beverage made from fermented cows' milk)"
      ],
      "id": "en-кефир-ru-noun--IEsmZSK",
      "links": [
        [
          "kefir",
          "kefir"
        ],
        [
          "yogurt",
          "yogurt"
        ],
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ],
        [
          "fermented",
          "fermented"
        ],
        [
          "cows'",
          "cow"
        ],
        [
          "milk",
          "milk"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "rjáženka",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ря́женка"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Ru-кефир.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲɪˈfʲir]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-кефир.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Saint-Petersburg"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "кефир"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kefir",
      "word": "կեֆիր"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "Kefir"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Greek",
      "lang_code": "el",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "word": "κεφίρ"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kepireu",
      "word": "케피르"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "lang_code": "lv",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefīrs"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "lang_code": "lt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kefyras"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "ქიფური",
      "ქიფური#Mingrelian"
    ],
    [
      "къӕпы",
      "къӕпы#Ossetian"
    ],
    [
      "чыфыр",
      "чыфыр#West_Circassian"
    ],
    [
      "гыпы",
      "гыпы#Karachay-Balkar"
    ],
    [
      "*köpür-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köpür-"
    ],
    [
      "köpürmek",
      "köpürmek#Turkish"
    ],
    [
      "köpürmək",
      "köpürmək#Azerbaijani"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xmf",
        "2": "ქიფური"
      },
      "expansion": "Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "къӕпы"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ady",
        "2": "чыфыр"
      },
      "expansion": "West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krc",
        "2": "гыпы"
      },
      "expansion": "Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "title": "unknown"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "köpürmek",
        "t": "to foam"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "az",
        "2": "köpürmək",
        "t": "to foam"
      },
      "expansion": "Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed into Russian from a language of the Caucasus; compare Mingrelian ქიფური (kipuri), Ossetian къӕпы (k’æpy), West Circassian чыфыр (čəfər), Karachay-Balkar гыпы (gıpı). The ultimate origin is unknown. Relation with a potential Kipchak substrate *köpür-, akin to Turkish köpürmek (“to foam”), Azerbaijani köpürmək (“to foam”), is unknown.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kefír",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ра",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ра",
          "кефира"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ров",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ров",
          "кефиров"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рный",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рный",
          "кефирный"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рчик",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рчик",
          "кефирчик"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́р",
          "кефир#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ра",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ра",
          "кефира#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ров",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ров",
          "кефиров#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ру",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ру",
          "кефиру#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рам",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рам",
          "кефирам#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́р",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́р",
          "кефир#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefír",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ры",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ры",
          "кефиры#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíry",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ром",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ром",
          "кефиром#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рами",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рами",
          "кефирами#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ре",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́ре",
          "кефире#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefíre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́рах",
      "links": [
        [
          "кефи́рах",
          "кефирах#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "roman": "kefírax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кефи́ръ",
      "roman": "kefír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кафи́р",
      "roman": "kafír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кэфи́р",
      "roman": "kɛfír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кафи́ръ",
      "roman": "kafír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кэфи́ръ",
      "roman": "kɛfír",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кефи́р",
        "adj": "кефи́рный",
        "dim": "кефи́рчик"
      },
      "expansion": "кефи́р • (kefír) m inan (genitive кефи́ра, nominative plural кефи́ры, genitive plural кефи́ров, relational adjective кефи́рный, diminutive кефи́рчик)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "rjáženka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ря́женка"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Russian 2-syllable words",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
        "Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
        "Russian inanimate nouns",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Russian masculine nouns",
        "Russian nouns",
        "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Russian terms with usage examples",
        "ru:Beverages",
        "ru:Dairy products"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
          "roman": "Ja prósto obožáju kefír, no zató terpétʹ ne mogú molokó!",
          "text": "Я про́сто обожа́ю кефи́р, но зато́ терпе́ть не могу́ молоко́!",
          "translation": "I just love kefir, but, on the other hand, I hate milk!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "kefir (a yogurt-like beverage made from fermented cows' milk)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "kefir",
          "kefir"
        ],
        [
          "yogurt",
          "yogurt"
        ],
        [
          "beverage",
          "beverage"
        ],
        [
          "fermented",
          "fermented"
        ],
        [
          "cows'",
          "cow"
        ],
        [
          "milk",
          "milk"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "Ru-кефир.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Ru-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲɪˈfʲir]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7737 (rus)-Tatiana Kerbush-кефир.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-Tatiana_Kerbush-%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Saint-Petersburg"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "кефир"
}

Download raw JSONL data for кефир meaning in Russian (8.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.