See кал in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы"
]
],
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ловый",
"links": [
[
"ка́ловый",
"каловый"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"links": [
[
"ка́лам",
"калам#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"links": [
[
"ка́лами",
"калами#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"links": [
[
"ка́лах",
"калах#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "калъ",
"roman": "kal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ка́ловый"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов, relational adjective ка́ловый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "ru:Feces",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "ru:Units of measure",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloprijómnik",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калоприёмник"
},
{
"roman": "ronjája kal",
"word": "роня́я кал"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"translation": "Nikolai Gogol",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-cphxeXYZ",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "kalína",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"id": "en-кал-ru-noun-XBaoPpEm",
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kaloprijómnik",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калоприёмник"
},
{
"roman": "ronjája kal",
"word": "роня́я кал"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"4": "",
"5": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "калъ",
"gloss": "mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kalъ",
"gloss": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic калъ (kalŭ, “mud, muddy puddle, scum, sewage”), from Proto-Slavic *kalъ (“mud, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы"
]
],
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ловый",
"links": [
[
"ка́ловый",
"каловый"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ла",
"links": [
[
"ка́ла",
"кала#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kála",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лов",
"links": [
[
"ка́лов",
"калов#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лу",
"links": [
[
"ка́лу",
"калу#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лам",
"links": [
[
"ка́лам",
"калам#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́л",
"links": [
[
"ка́л",
"кал#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kál",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лы",
"links": [
[
"ка́лы",
"калы#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kály",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лом",
"links": [
[
"ка́лом",
"калом#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лами",
"links": [
[
"ка́лами",
"калами#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́ле",
"links": [
[
"ка́ле",
"кале#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kále",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ка́лах",
"links": [
[
"ка́лах",
"калах#Russian"
]
],
"roman": "kálax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "калъ",
"roman": "kal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adj": "ка́ловый"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) m inan (genitive ка́ла, nominative plural ка́лы, genitive plural ка́лов, relational adjective ка́ловый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "kalína",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кали́на"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Russian quotations",
"Russian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
219,
222
]
],
"english": "Nikolai Gogol",
"ref": "1842, Николай Гоголь [Nikolai Gogol], chapter VIII, in Лакейская; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):",
"roman": "Pozvólʹte vam doložítʹ, Ánna Gavrílovna, što kučerá kučerám roznʹ. Onó, konéšno, tak kak kučerá, po obyknovéniju bólʹše svojemú, naxódjatsja neotlúčno pri lošadjáx, inogdá podčiščájut, s pozvolénija skazátʹ, kal[...]",
"text": "Позво́льте вам доложи́ть, А́нна Гаври́ловна, что кучера́ кучера́м рознь. Оно́, коне́чно, так как кучера́, по обыкнове́нию бо́льше своему́, нахо́дятся неотлу́чно при лошадя́х, иногда́ подчища́ют, с позволе́ния сказа́ть, кал[...]",
"translation": "Nikolai Gogol",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, feces, poo"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"poo",
"poo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "испражне́ния"
},
{
"word": "наво́з"
},
{
"word": "помёт"
},
{
"word": "стул"
},
{
"word": "экскреме́нты"
},
{
"word": "фека́лии"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫ]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 4-syllable words",
"Russian abbreviations",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian indeclinable nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ru:Feces",
"ru:Units of measure",
"uk:Feces"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "кало́рия",
"3": "",
"4": "calorie"
},
"expansion": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”)",
"name": "abbrev"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of кало́рия (kalórija, “calorie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kal",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f-in",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "кал • (kal) f inan (indeclinable)",
"name": "ru-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cal, calorie"
],
"links": [
[
"cal",
"cal"
],
[
"calorie",
"calorie"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"inanimate",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɐˈɫorʲɪjə]"
}
],
"word": "кал"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кал meaning in Russian (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.