"верх" meaning in Russian

See верх in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [vʲerx] Audio: Ru-верх.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*vьrxъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*vьrxъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ, {{cog|cu|врьхъ}} Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ), {{der|ru|ine-pro|*wers-}} Proto-Indo-European *wers-, {{cog|lt|viršus}} Lithuanian viršus, {{cog|lv|virsus}} Latvian virsus, {{cog|la|verruca||a steep place, height}} Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), {{cog|grc|ἕρμα||reef, rock, hill}} Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|c|loc=+}} верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхо́в) Forms: verx [romanization], ве́рха [genitive], верхи́ [nominative, plural], верхо́в [genitive, plural], ве́рх [nominative, singular], верхи́ [nominative, plural], ве́рха [genitive, singular], верхо́в [genitive, plural], ве́рху [dative, singular], верха́м [dative, plural], ве́рх [accusative, singular], верхи́ [accusative, plural], ве́рхом [instrumental, singular], верха́ми [instrumental, plural], ве́рхе [prepositional, singular], верха́х [plural, prepositional], верху́ [locative, singular]
  1. top, upper part, roof, dome, height
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-oyCN65Lt
  2. (figuratively) summit, apex Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-YtShX1ov
  3. the highest degree of something
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-taK5qFMX
  4. upper class
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-V7r~BEJU
  5. (arm-wrestling) top-roll
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-V1P626k7

Noun

IPA: [vʲerx] Audio: Ru-верх.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*vьrxъ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*vьrxъ}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ, {{cog|cu|врьхъ}} Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ), {{der|ru|ine-pro|*wers-}} Proto-Indo-European *wers-, {{cog|lt|viršus}} Lithuanian viršus, {{cog|lv|virsus}} Latvian virsus, {{cog|la|verruca||a steep place, height}} Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), {{cog|grc|ἕρμα||reef, rock, hill}} Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|c||(1)|loc=на +}} верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верха́, genitive plural верхо́в) Forms: verx [romanization], ве́рха [genitive], верха́ [nominative, plural], верхо́в [genitive, plural], ве́рх [nominative, singular], верха́ [irregular, nominative, plural], ве́рха [genitive, singular], верхо́в [genitive, plural], ве́рху [dative, singular], верха́м [dative, plural], ве́рх [accusative, singular], верха́ [accusative, irregular, plural], ве́рхом [instrumental, singular], верха́ми [instrumental, plural], ве́рхе [prepositional, singular], верха́х [plural, prepositional], на верху́ [locative, singular]
  1. right side (of clothing, fabric), shoe upper, boot top
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-Sokg-jzc
  2. hood, top, soft top, rag top of a carriage or convertible automobile
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-QxB3ojdv
  3. cap, cover, outside, shell (clothing, as opposed to a lining)
    Sense id: en-верх-ru-noun-7yQEXc~I Categories (other): Russian links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 8 20 3 7 2 11 7 40
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: вверх (vverx), вверху́ (vverxú), ве́рхний (vérxnij), верхово́й (verxovój), верху́шка (verxúška), верши́на (veršína), заверша́ть (zaveršátʹ), заверши́ть (zaveršítʹ), заверша́ться (zaveršátʹsja), заверши́ться (zaveršítʹsja), заверше́ние (zaveršénije), свершать (sveršatʹ), свершить (sveršitʹ), сверше́ние (sveršénije), сверх (sverx), сверх- (sverx-), соверша́ть (soveršátʹ), соверши́ть (soveršítʹ), наве́рх (navérx), навершие (naveršije), верхи́ не мо́гут, низы́ не хотя́т (verxí ne mógut, nizý ne xotját)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for верх meaning in Russian (11.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "врьхъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wers-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viršus"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian viršus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian virsus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verruca",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a steep place, height"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἕρμα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, rock, hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.\nBalto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verx",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "roman": "verxí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "roman": "vérxa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "roman": "verxóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рху",
      "roman": "vérxu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́м",
      "roman": "verxám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "roman": "verxí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхом",
      "roman": "vérxom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́ми",
      "roman": "verxámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхе",
      "roman": "vérxe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́х",
      "roman": "verxáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верху́",
      "roman": "verxú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "loc": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхо́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "top, upper part, roof, dome, height"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-oyCN65Lt",
      "links": [
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ],
        [
          "dome",
          "dome"
        ],
        [
          "height",
          "height"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "summit meeting",
          "roman": "soveščánije v verxáx",
          "text": "совеща́ние в верха́х",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summit, apex"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-YtShX1ov",
      "links": [
        [
          "summit",
          "summit"
        ],
        [
          "apex",
          "apex"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) summit, apex"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This is the height of stupidity!",
          "roman": "Éto verx glúposti!",
          "text": "Э́то верх глу́пости!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the highest degree of something"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-taK5qFMX"
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "низ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "upper class"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-V7r~BEJU",
      "links": [
        [
          "upper class",
          "upper class"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "top-roll"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-V1P626k7",
      "links": [
        [
          "top-roll",
          "top-roll"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "arm-wrestling",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(arm-wrestling) top-roll"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vʲerx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-верх.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "верх"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "врьхъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wers-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viršus"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian viršus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian virsus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verruca",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a steep place, height"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἕρμα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, rock, hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.\nBalto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verx",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "roman": "verxá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "roman": "vérxa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "roman": "verxóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рху",
      "roman": "vérxu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́м",
      "roman": "verxám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "roman": "verxá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "irregular",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхом",
      "roman": "vérxom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́ми",
      "roman": "verxámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхе",
      "roman": "vérxe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́х",
      "roman": "verxáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "на верху́",
      "roman": "na verxú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "",
        "3": "(1)",
        "loc": "на +"
      },
      "expansion": "верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верха́, genitive plural верхо́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "vverx",
      "word": "вверх"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "vverxú",
      "word": "вверху́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "vérxnij",
      "word": "ве́рхний"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "verxovój",
      "word": "верхово́й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "verxúška",
      "word": "верху́шка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "veršína",
      "word": "верши́на"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zaveršátʹ",
      "word": "заверша́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zaveršítʹ",
      "word": "заверши́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zaveršátʹsja",
      "word": "заверша́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zaveršítʹsja",
      "word": "заверши́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "zaveršénije",
      "word": "заверше́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sveršatʹ",
      "word": "свершать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sveršitʹ",
      "word": "свершить"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sveršénije",
      "word": "сверше́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sverx",
      "word": "сверх"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "sverx-",
      "word": "сверх-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "soveršátʹ",
      "word": "соверша́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "soveršítʹ",
      "word": "соверши́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "navérx",
      "word": "наве́рх"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "naveršije",
      "word": "навершие"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "верхи́ не мо́гут"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "verxí ne mógut, nizý ne xotját",
      "word": "низы́ не хотя́т"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "right side (of clothing, fabric), shoe upper, boot top"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-Sokg-jzc",
      "links": [
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ],
        [
          "upper",
          "upper"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hood, top, soft top, rag top of a carriage or convertible automobile"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-QxB3ojdv",
      "links": [
        [
          "hood",
          "hood"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "soft top",
          "soft top"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 20 3 7 2 11 7 40",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cap, cover, outside, shell (clothing, as opposed to a lining)"
      ],
      "id": "en-верх-ru-noun-7yQEXc~I",
      "links": [
        [
          "cap",
          "cap"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ],
        [
          "outside",
          "outside"
        ],
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vʲerx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-верх.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "верх"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "врьхъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wers-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viršus"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian viršus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian virsus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verruca",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a steep place, height"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἕρμα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, rock, hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.\nBalto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verx",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "roman": "verxí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "roman": "vérxa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "roman": "verxóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рху",
      "roman": "vérxu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́м",
      "roman": "verxám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхи́",
      "roman": "verxí",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхом",
      "roman": "vérxom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́ми",
      "roman": "verxámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхе",
      "roman": "vérxe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́х",
      "roman": "verxáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верху́",
      "roman": "verxú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "loc": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верхи́, genitive plural верхо́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "top, upper part, roof, dome, height"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "roof",
          "roof"
        ],
        [
          "dome",
          "dome"
        ],
        [
          "height",
          "height"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "summit meeting",
          "roman": "soveščánije v verxáx",
          "text": "совеща́ние в верха́х",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "summit, apex"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "summit",
          "summit"
        ],
        [
          "apex",
          "apex"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) summit, apex"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "This is the height of stupidity!",
          "roman": "Éto verx glúposti!",
          "text": "Э́то верх глу́пости!",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the highest degree of something"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "низ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "upper class"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "upper class",
          "upper class"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "top-roll"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "top-roll",
          "top-roll"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "arm-wrestling",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(arm-wrestling) top-roll"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vʲerx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-верх.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "верх"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*vьrxъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "врьхъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wers-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wers-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "viršus"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian viršus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "virsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian virsus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "verruca",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a steep place, height"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἕρμα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, rock, hill"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (whence also Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wers-.\nBalto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian viršus and Latvian virsus. Other Indo-European cognates include Latin verruca (“a steep place, height”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "verx",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-c",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "roman": "verxá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "irregular",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рха",
      "roman": "vérxa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верхо́в",
      "roman": "verxóv",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рху",
      "roman": "vérxu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́м",
      "roman": "verxám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рх",
      "roman": "vérx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́",
      "roman": "verxá",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "irregular",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхом",
      "roman": "vérxom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́ми",
      "roman": "verxámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ве́рхе",
      "roman": "vérxe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "верха́х",
      "roman": "verxáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "на верху́",
      "roman": "na verxú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "c",
        "2": "",
        "3": "(1)",
        "loc": "на +"
      },
      "expansion": "верх • (verx) m inan (genitive ве́рха, nominative plural верха́, genitive plural верхо́в)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "vverx",
      "word": "вверх"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vverxú",
      "word": "вверху́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vérxnij",
      "word": "ве́рхний"
    },
    {
      "roman": "verxovój",
      "word": "верхово́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "verxúška",
      "word": "верху́шка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "veršína",
      "word": "верши́на"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zaveršátʹ",
      "word": "заверша́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zaveršítʹ",
      "word": "заверши́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zaveršátʹsja",
      "word": "заверша́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zaveršítʹsja",
      "word": "заверши́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zaveršénije",
      "word": "заверше́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sveršatʹ",
      "word": "свершать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sveršitʹ",
      "word": "свершить"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sveršénije",
      "word": "сверше́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sverx",
      "word": "сверх"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sverx-",
      "word": "сверх-"
    },
    {
      "roman": "soveršátʹ",
      "word": "соверша́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "soveršítʹ",
      "word": "соверши́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "navérx",
      "word": "наве́рх"
    },
    {
      "roman": "naveršije",
      "word": "навершие"
    },
    {
      "word": "верхи́ не мо́гут"
    },
    {
      "roman": "verxí ne mógut, nizý ne xotját",
      "word": "низы́ не хотя́т"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "right side (of clothing, fabric), shoe upper, boot top"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "right",
          "right"
        ],
        [
          "upper",
          "upper"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hood, top, soft top, rag top of a carriage or convertible automobile"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hood",
          "hood"
        ],
        [
          "top",
          "top"
        ],
        [
          "soft top",
          "soft top"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cap, cover, outside, shell (clothing, as opposed to a lining)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cap",
          "cap"
        ],
        [
          "cover",
          "cover"
        ],
        [
          "outside",
          "outside"
        ],
        [
          "shell",
          "shell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[vʲerx]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-верх.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Ru-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "верх"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.