"Россия" meaning in Russian

See Россия in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] Audio: Ru-Россия.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja). It is the first known spelling of the name in Cyrillic in the ascetical treatise The Ladder of Divine Ascent by John Climacus transcribed by Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev on April 24, 1387. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|Роси́ꙗ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja), {{inh+|ru|orv|Роси́ꙗ}} Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja) Head templates: {{ru-proper noun+|Росси́я|adj=росси́йский|dim=Россию́шка}} Росси́я • (Rossíja) f inan (genitive Росси́и, relational adjective росси́йский, diminutive Россию́шка) Forms: Росси́я [canonical], Rossíja [romanization], Росси́и [genitive], росси́йский [adjective, relational], Россию́шка [diminutive], Росси́я [nominative, singular], Росси́и [genitive, singular], Росси́и [dative, singular], Росси́ю [accusative, singular], Росси́ей [instrumental, singular], Росси́ею [instrumental, singular], Росси́и [prepositional, singular]
  1. Russia (The largest country in the world, a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia; official name: Росси́йская Федера́ция (Rossíjskaja Federácija)) Wikipedia link: Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev, John Climacus, The Ladder of Divine Ascent Categories (place): Countries, Countries in Asia, Countries in Europe, Russia Derived forms: Ма́лая Росси́я (Málaja Rossíja) (english: Little Russia, Ukraine) [derogatory, historical], Малоро́ссия (Maloróssija) (english: Little Russia, Ukraine) [derogatory, historical], Великоро́ссия (Velikoróssija) (english: Great Russia, North Eastern Rus) [historical], Вели́кая Русь (Velíkaja Rusʹ) (english: Great Russia, North Eastern Rus) [historical], Росгва́рдия (Rosgvárdija) (english: Rosgvardia, National Guard of Russia), Роско́смос (Roskósmos) (english: Roskosmos), Роскомнадзо́р (Roskomnadzór) (english: Roskomnadzor), Ростехнадзо́р (Rostexnadzór)
    Sense id: en-Россия-ru-name-NcWeBpoj Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks Synonyms: Росси́йская Федера́ция, ;, РФ, ;, Гарда́рика, Ру́сская земля́ (Rússkaja zemljá) [historical, poetic], Русь (Rusʹ), Свята́я Русь () (Svjatája Rusʹ) (english: Holy Russia), Ма́тушка Росси́я (Mátuška Rossíja) [endearing, poetic], Росси́я-Ма́тушка () (Rossíja-Mátuška) (english: Mother Russia), ро́дина (ródina) (english: the Motherland) [capitalized, usually], Росси́юшка (Rossíjuška), Ра́шка (Ráška) (english: from English) [diminutive], Эрэ́фия (Erɛ́fija) (english: РФ; from), Расе́я (Raséja) (english: from old Belarusian or regional), Рои́сся (blogosphere), РоZZи́я (RoZZíja) [neologism], Пидора́шка (Pidoráška), Каца́пия (Kacápija), Моско́вия () (Moskóvija) (english: Muscovy), Мо́рдор () (Mórdor) (english: Mordor), оркоста́н () (orkostán) (english: Orc land), Хуйлоста́н (Xujlostán) [vulgar], Ра́бские Вымира́ты () (Rábskije Vymiráty) (english: Slave Dying Emirates), Пынеба́бве () (Pynebábvɛ) (english: Pynia's/Putin's Zimbabwe), Россі́я — Pre-reform orthography (1918) (Rossíja) Synonyms (pejorative or jocular, mostly in Ukrainian usage): Кацапста́н (Kacapstán) [also, lowercase] Synonyms (pejorative or jocular, mostly in online or political slang): Ра́ша (Ráša) (english: from English) [also, lowercase] Related terms: росси́йский (rossíjskij), россия́нин (rossijánin), россия́нка (rossijánka), ру́сский (rússkij), ру́сская (rússkaja), ру́сские (rússkije), Москва́ (Moskvá), стра́ны Евро́пы (strány Jevrópy) [countries-of-Europe, countries, geography, natural-sciences], А́встрия (Ávstrija), Азербайджа́н (Azerbajdžán), Алба́ния (Albánija), Андо́рра (Andórra), Арме́ния (Arménija), Белару́сь (Belarúsʹ), Бе́льгия (Bélʹgija), Болга́рия (Bolgárija), Бо́сния и Герцегови́на (Bósnija i Gercegovína), Ватика́н (Vatikán), Ве́нгрия (Véngrija), Герма́ния (Germánija), Гре́ция (Grécija), Гру́зия (Grúzija), Да́ния (Dánija), Исла́ндия (Islándija), Ирла́ндия (Irlándija), Ита́лия (Itálija), Испа́ния (Ispánija), Казахста́н (Kazaxstán), Кипр (Kipr), Ла́твия (Látvija), Лихтенште́йн (Lixtɛnštɛ́jn), Литва́ (Litvá), Люксембу́рг (Ljuksembúrg), Ма́льта (Málʹta), Молдо́ва (Moldóva), Мона́ко (Monáko), Норве́гия (Norvégija), Нидерла́нды (Niderlándy), По́льша (Pólʹša), Португа́лия (Portugálija), Румы́ния (Rumýnija), Росси́я (Rossíja), Сан-Мари́но (San-Maríno), Се́верная Македо́ния (Sévernaja Makedónija), Се́рбия (Sérbija), Слова́кия (Slovákija), Слове́ния (Slovénija), Соединённое Короле́вство (Sojedinjónnoje Korolévstvo), Ту́рция (Túrcija), Украи́на (Ukraína), Финля́ндия (Finljándija), Фра́нция (Fráncija), Хорва́тия (Xorvátija), Черного́рия (Černogórija), Че́хия (Čéxija), Шве́ция (Švécija), Швейца́рия (Švejcárija), Эсто́ния (Estónija), стра́ны А́зии (strány Ázii) [countries-of-Asia, countries, geography, natural-sciences], Афганиста́н (Afganistán), Бангладе́ш (Bangladɛ́š), Бахре́йн (Baxréjn), Бруне́й (Brunéj), Бута́н (Bután), Вьетна́м (Vʹjetnám), Восто́чный Тимо́р (Vostóčnyj Timór), Еги́пет (Jegípet), Изра́иль (Izráilʹ), И́ндия (Índija), Индоне́зия (Indonɛ́zija), Иорда́ния (Iordánija), Ира́н (Irán), Ира́к (Irák), Йе́мен (Jjémen), Камбо́джа (Kambódža), Ка́тар (Kátar), Кита́й (Kitáj), Куве́йт (Kuvéjt), Кыргызста́н (Kyrgyzstán), Лао́с (Laós), Лива́н (Liván), Мала́йзия (Malájzija), Мальди́вы (Malʹdívy), Монго́лия (Mongólija), Мья́нма (Mʹjánma), Непа́л (Nepál), Объединённые Ара́бские Эмира́ты (Obʺjedinjónnyje Arábskije Emiráty), Ома́н (Omán), Пакиста́н (Pakistán), Сау́довская Ара́вия (Saúdovskaja Arávija), Се́верная Коре́я (Sévernaja Koréja), Сингапу́р (Singapúr), Си́рия (Sírija), Таджикиста́н (Tadžikistán), Таила́нд (Tailánd), Туркмениста́н (Turkmenistán), Узбекиста́н (Uzbekistán), Филиппи́ны (Filippíny), Шри-Ла́нка (Šri-Lánka), Ю́жная Коре́я (Júžnaja Koréja), Япо́ния (Japónija)

Noun

  1. Tags: no-gloss
    Sense id: en-Россия-ru-noun-47DEQpj8 Synonyms: Блинолопатия (Blinolopatija) [derogatory], Великая Русь (Velikaja Rusʹ) [historical, poetic], Матушка Россия (Matuška Rossija) [endearing, poetic], Мать-Россия (Matʹ-Rossija) [endearing, poetic], Мокша (Mokša) [derogatory, offensive], Мордор (Mordor) [derogatory], Московия (Moskovija) [derogatory, historical], Оркостан (Orkostan) [derogatory], Пидорахия (Pidoraxija) [derogatory], Пидорашка (Pidoraška) [derogatory], Пидорашня (Pidorašnja) [derogatory], Рабсия (Rabsija) [derogatory], Рабский Вымираты (Rabskij Vymiraty) [derogatory], Раша (Raša) [derogatory], Рашка (Raška) [derogatory], РоZZия (RoZZija) [derogatory], родина (rodina) [endearing, poetic], Роисся (Roissja) [derogatory, humorous], Российская Федерация (Rossijskaja Federacija), Россиюшка (Rossijuška) [endearing], Россия (Rossija) [gender-neutral], Россия-матушка (Rossija-matuška) [endearing, poetic], Русская земля (Russkaja zemlja) [historical, poetic], Русь (Rusʹ) [historical, poetic], Русь-матушка (Rusʹ-matuška) [endearing, poetic], РФ (RF) [abbreviation], Святая Русь (Svjataja Rusʹ) [endearing, historical, poetic], Скотоублюдия, страна 404 (strana 404) [derogatory], Хуйлостан (Xujlostan) [derogatory], Эрэфия (Erɛfija) [derogatory, humorous], Пынебабве (Pynebabve) [derogatory, humorous]

Download JSON data for Россия meaning in Russian (21.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bua",
            "2": "Росси",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Buryat: Росси (Rossi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Buryat: Росси (Rossi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Erzya: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Erzya: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gu",
            "2": "રશિયા",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gujarati: રશિયા (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gujarati: રશિયા (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "रशिया",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: रशिया (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: रशिया (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inh",
            "2": "Россе",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingush: Россе (Rosse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingush: Россе (Rosse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ロシア",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "Roshia"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ロシア (Roshia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ロシア (Roshia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kdr",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "Rossiya"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karaim: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karaim: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karachay-Balkar: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karachay-Balkar: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kaa",
            "2": "Rossiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karakalpak: Rossiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karakalpak: Rossiya"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: Россия (Rossiä)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: Россия (Rossiä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kpv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Komi-Zyrian: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Komi-Zyrian: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kjh",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khakas: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khakas: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "रशिया",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: रशिया (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: रशिया (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mdf",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Moksha: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Moksha: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "atv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Altai: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Altai: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or",
            "2": "ରଶିଆ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Odia: ରଶିଆ (rôśia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Odia: ରଶିଆ (rôśia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "Rosja",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: Rosja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: Rosja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tatar: Россия (Rossiyä)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tatar: Россия (Rossiyä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tyv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tuvan: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tuvan: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "udm",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Udmurt: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Udmurt: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "Rossiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: Rossiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: Rossiya"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yakut: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yakut: Россия (Rossiya)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "Роси́ꙗ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "Роси́ꙗ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja). It is the first known spelling of the name in Cyrillic in the ascetical treatise The Ladder of Divine Ascent by John Climacus transcribed by Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev on April 24, 1387.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Росси́я",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Rossíja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "росси́йский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Россию́шка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́я",
      "roman": "Rossíja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ю",
      "roman": "Rossíju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ей",
      "roman": "Rossíjej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ею",
      "roman": "Rossíjeju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Росси́я",
        "adj": "росси́йский",
        "dim": "Россию́шка"
      },
      "expansion": "Росси́я • (Rossíja) f inan (genitive Росси́и, relational adjective росси́йский, diminutive Россию́шка)",
      "name": "ru-proper noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Countries",
          "orig": "ru:Countries",
          "parents": [
            "Polities",
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Countries in Asia",
          "orig": "ru:Countries in Asia",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places",
            "Asia",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Countries in Europe",
          "orig": "ru:Countries in Europe",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places",
            "Europe",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Russia",
          "orig": "ru:Russia",
          "parents": [
            "Asia",
            "Europe",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "Little Russia, Ukraine",
          "roman": "Málaja Rossíja",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Ма́лая Росси́я"
        },
        {
          "english": "Little Russia, Ukraine",
          "roman": "Maloróssija",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Малоро́ссия"
        },
        {
          "english": "Great Russia, North Eastern Rus",
          "roman": "Velikoróssija",
          "tags": [
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Великоро́ссия"
        },
        {
          "english": "Great Russia, North Eastern Rus",
          "roman": "Velíkaja Rusʹ",
          "tags": [
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Вели́кая Русь"
        },
        {
          "english": "Rosgvardia, National Guard of Russia",
          "roman": "Rosgvárdija",
          "word": "Росгва́рдия"
        },
        {
          "english": "Roskosmos",
          "roman": "Roskósmos",
          "word": "Роско́смос"
        },
        {
          "english": "Roskomnadzor",
          "roman": "Roskomnadzór",
          "word": "Роскомнадзо́р"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rostexnadzór",
          "word": "Ростехнадзо́р"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in Russia",
          "roman": "v Rossíi",
          "text": "в Росси́и",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to Russia",
          "roman": "v Rossíju",
          "text": "в Росси́ю",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "from Russia",
          "roman": "iz Rossíi",
          "text": "из Росси́и",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Russia (The largest country in the world, a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia; official name: Росси́йская Федера́ция (Rossíjskaja Federácija))"
      ],
      "id": "en-Россия-ru-name-NcWeBpoj",
      "links": [
        [
          "Russia",
          "Russia#English:_Q159"
        ],
        [
          "transcontinental",
          "transcontinental"
        ],
        [
          "Eastern Europe",
          "Eastern Europe#English"
        ],
        [
          "North Asia",
          "North Asia#English"
        ],
        [
          "Росси́йская Федера́ция",
          "Российская Федерация#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "rossíjskij",
          "word": "росси́йский"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rossijánin",
          "word": "россия́нин"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rossijánka",
          "word": "россия́нка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rússkij",
          "word": "ру́сский"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rússkaja",
          "word": "ру́сская"
        },
        {
          "roman": "rússkije",
          "word": "ру́сские"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Moskvá",
          "word": "Москва́"
        },
        {
          "roman": "strány Jevrópy",
          "topics": [
            "countries-of-Europe",
            "countries",
            "geography",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "стра́ны Евро́пы"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ávstrija",
          "word": "А́встрия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Azerbajdžán",
          "word": "Азербайджа́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Albánija",
          "word": "Алба́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Andórra",
          "word": "Андо́рра"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Arménija",
          "word": "Арме́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Belarúsʹ",
          "word": "Белару́сь"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Bélʹgija",
          "word": "Бе́льгия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Bolgárija",
          "word": "Болга́рия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Bósnija i Gercegovína",
          "word": "Бо́сния и Герцегови́на"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Vatikán",
          "word": "Ватика́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Véngrija",
          "word": "Ве́нгрия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Germánija",
          "word": "Герма́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Grécija",
          "word": "Гре́ция"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Grúzija",
          "word": "Гру́зия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Dánija",
          "word": "Да́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Islándija",
          "word": "Исла́ндия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Irlándija",
          "word": "Ирла́ндия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Itálija",
          "word": "Ита́лия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ispánija",
          "word": "Испа́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kazaxstán",
          "word": "Казахста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kipr",
          "word": "Кипр"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Látvija",
          "word": "Ла́твия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Lixtɛnštɛ́jn",
          "word": "Лихтенште́йн"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Litvá",
          "word": "Литва́"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ljuksembúrg",
          "word": "Люксембу́рг"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Málʹta",
          "word": "Ма́льта"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Moldóva",
          "word": "Молдо́ва"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Monáko",
          "word": "Мона́ко"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Norvégija",
          "word": "Норве́гия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Niderlándy",
          "word": "Нидерла́нды"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Pólʹša",
          "word": "По́льша"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Portugálija",
          "word": "Португа́лия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rumýnija",
          "word": "Румы́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rossíja",
          "word": "Росси́я"
        },
        {
          "roman": "San-Maríno",
          "word": "Сан-Мари́но"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sévernaja Makedónija",
          "word": "Се́верная Македо́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sérbija",
          "word": "Се́рбия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Slovákija",
          "word": "Слова́кия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Slovénija",
          "word": "Слове́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sojedinjónnoje Korolévstvo",
          "word": "Соединённое Короле́вство"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Túrcija",
          "word": "Ту́рция"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Ukraína",
          "word": "Украи́на"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Finljándija",
          "word": "Финля́ндия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Fráncija",
          "word": "Фра́нция"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Xorvátija",
          "word": "Хорва́тия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Černogórija",
          "word": "Черного́рия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Čéxija",
          "word": "Че́хия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Švécija",
          "word": "Шве́ция"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Švejcárija",
          "word": "Швейца́рия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Estónija",
          "word": "Эсто́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "strány Ázii",
          "topics": [
            "countries-of-Asia",
            "countries",
            "geography",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "стра́ны А́зии"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Afganistán",
          "word": "Афганиста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Bangladɛ́š",
          "word": "Бангладе́ш"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Baxréjn",
          "word": "Бахре́йн"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Brunéj",
          "word": "Бруне́й"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Bután",
          "word": "Бута́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Vʹjetnám",
          "word": "Вьетна́м"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Vostóčnyj Timór",
          "word": "Восто́чный Тимо́р"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Jegípet",
          "word": "Еги́пет"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Izráilʹ",
          "word": "Изра́иль"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Índija",
          "word": "И́ндия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Indonɛ́zija",
          "word": "Индоне́зия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Iordánija",
          "word": "Иорда́ния"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Irán",
          "word": "Ира́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Irák",
          "word": "Ира́к"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Jjémen",
          "word": "Йе́мен"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kambódža",
          "word": "Камбо́джа"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kátar",
          "word": "Ка́тар"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kitáj",
          "word": "Кита́й"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kuvéjt",
          "word": "Куве́йт"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kyrgyzstán",
          "word": "Кыргызста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Laós",
          "word": "Лао́с"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Liván",
          "word": "Лива́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Malájzija",
          "word": "Мала́йзия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Malʹdívy",
          "word": "Мальди́вы"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Mongólija",
          "word": "Монго́лия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Mʹjánma",
          "word": "Мья́нма"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Nepál",
          "word": "Непа́л"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Obʺjedinjónnyje Arábskije Emiráty",
          "word": "Объединённые Ара́бские Эмира́ты"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Omán",
          "word": "Ома́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Pakistán",
          "word": "Пакиста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Saúdovskaja Arávija",
          "word": "Сау́довская Ара́вия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sévernaja Koréja",
          "word": "Се́верная Коре́я"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Singapúr",
          "word": "Сингапу́р"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Sírija",
          "word": "Си́рия"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tadžikistán",
          "word": "Таджикиста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tailánd",
          "word": "Таила́нд"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Turkmenistán",
          "word": "Туркмениста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Uzbekistán",
          "word": "Узбекиста́н"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Filippíny",
          "word": "Филиппи́ны"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Šri-Lánka",
          "word": "Шри-Ла́нка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Júžnaja Koréja",
          "word": "Ю́жная Коре́я"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Japónija",
          "word": "Япо́ния"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Росси́йская Федера́ция"
        },
        {
          "word": ";"
        },
        {
          "word": "РФ"
        },
        {
          "word": ";"
        },
        {
          "word": "Гарда́рика"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rússkaja zemljá",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Ру́сская земля́"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rusʹ",
          "word": "Русь"
        },
        {
          "english": "Holy Russia",
          "roman": "Svjatája Rusʹ",
          "word": "Свята́я Русь ()"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Mátuška Rossíja",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Ма́тушка Росси́я"
        },
        {
          "english": "Mother Russia",
          "roman": "Rossíja-Mátuška",
          "word": "Росси́я-Ма́тушка ()"
        },
        {
          "english": "the Motherland",
          "roman": "ródina",
          "tags": [
            "capitalized",
            "usually"
          ],
          "word": "ро́дина"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rossíjuška",
          "word": "Росси́юшка"
        },
        {
          "english": "from English",
          "roman": "Ráška",
          "tags": [
            "diminutive"
          ],
          "word": "Ра́шка"
        },
        {
          "english": "РФ; from",
          "roman": "Erɛ́fija",
          "word": "Эрэ́фия"
        },
        {
          "english": "from old Belarusian or regional",
          "roman": "Raséja",
          "word": "Расе́я"
        },
        {
          "roman": "blogosphere",
          "word": "Рои́сся"
        },
        {
          "roman": "RoZZíja",
          "tags": [
            "neologism"
          ],
          "word": "РоZZи́я"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Pidoráška",
          "word": "Пидора́шка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kacápija",
          "word": "Каца́пия"
        },
        {
          "english": "Muscovy",
          "roman": "Moskóvija",
          "word": "Моско́вия ()"
        },
        {
          "english": "Mordor",
          "roman": "Mórdor",
          "word": "Мо́рдор ()"
        },
        {
          "english": "Orc land",
          "roman": "orkostán",
          "word": "оркоста́н ()"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Xujlostán",
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "Хуйлоста́н"
        },
        {
          "english": "Slave Dying Emirates",
          "roman": "Rábskije Vymiráty",
          "word": "Ра́бские Вымира́ты ()"
        },
        {
          "english": "Pynia's/Putin's Zimbabwe",
          "roman": "Pynebábvɛ",
          "word": "Пынеба́бве ()"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Rossíja",
          "word": "Россі́я — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
        },
        {
          "english": "from English",
          "roman": "Ráša",
          "sense": "pejorative or jocular, mostly in online or political slang",
          "tags": [
            "also",
            "lowercase"
          ],
          "word": "Ра́ша"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Kacapstán",
          "sense": "pejorative or jocular, mostly in Ukrainian usage",
          "tags": [
            "also",
            "lowercase"
          ],
          "word": "Кацапста́н"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev",
        "John Climacus",
        "The Ladder of Divine Ascent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rɐˈsʲijə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-Россия.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Россия"
}

{
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "en-Россия-ru-noun-47DEQpj8",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Блинолопатия (Blinolopatija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Великая Русь (Velikaja Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Матушка Россия (Matuška Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Мать-Россия (Matʹ-Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "offensive"
          ],
          "word": "Мокша (Mokša)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Мордор (Mordor)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Московия (Moskovija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Оркостан (Orkostan)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорахия (Pidoraxija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорашка (Pidoraška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорашня (Pidorašnja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рабсия (Rabsija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рабский Вымираты (Rabskij Vymiraty)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Раша (Raša)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рашка (Raška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "РоZZия (RoZZija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "родина (rodina)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Роисся (Roissja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "word": "Российская Федерация (Rossijskaja Federacija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing"
          ],
          "word": "Россиюшка (Rossijuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "gender-neutral"
          ],
          "word": "Россия (Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Россия-матушка (Rossija-matuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русская земля (Russkaja zemlja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русь (Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русь-матушка (Rusʹ-matuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "abbreviation"
          ],
          "word": "РФ (RF)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Святая Русь (Svjataja Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "word": "Скотоублюдия"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "страна 404 (strana 404)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Хуйлостан (Xujlostan)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Эрэфия (Erɛfija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Пынебабве (Pynebabve)"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "source": "thesaurus",
  "word": "Россия"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "Little Russia, Ukraine",
      "roman": "Málaja Rossíja",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "Ма́лая Росси́я"
    },
    {
      "english": "Little Russia, Ukraine",
      "roman": "Maloróssija",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "Малоро́ссия"
    },
    {
      "english": "Great Russia, North Eastern Rus",
      "roman": "Velikoróssija",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "Великоро́ссия"
    },
    {
      "english": "Great Russia, North Eastern Rus",
      "roman": "Velíkaja Rusʹ",
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "word": "Вели́кая Русь"
    },
    {
      "english": "Rosgvardia, National Guard of Russia",
      "roman": "Rosgvárdija",
      "word": "Росгва́рдия"
    },
    {
      "english": "Roskosmos",
      "roman": "Roskósmos",
      "word": "Роско́смос"
    },
    {
      "english": "Roskomnadzor",
      "roman": "Roskomnadzór",
      "word": "Роскомнадзо́р"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rostexnadzór",
      "word": "Ростехнадзо́р"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bua",
            "2": "Росси",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Buryat: Росси (Rossi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Buryat: Росси (Rossi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Erzya: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Erzya: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gu",
            "2": "રશિયા",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gujarati: રશિયા (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gujarati: રશિયા (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "रशिया",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: रशिया (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: रशिया (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inh",
            "2": "Россе",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingush: Россе (Rosse)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingush: Россе (Rosse)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "ロシア",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "Roshia"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese: ロシア (Roshia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Japanese: ロシア (Roshia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kdr",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "Rossiya"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karaim: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karaim: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karachay-Balkar: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karachay-Balkar: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kaa",
            "2": "Rossiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karakalpak: Rossiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karakalpak: Rossiya"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: Россия (Rossiä)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: Россия (Rossiä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kpv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Komi-Zyrian: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Komi-Zyrian: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kjh",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khakas: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khakas: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "रशिया",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: रशिया (raśiyā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: रशिया (raśiyā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mdf",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Moksha: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Moksha: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "atv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Altai: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Altai: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or",
            "2": "ରଶିଆ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Odia: ରଶିଆ (rôśia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Odia: ରଶିଆ (rôśia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "Rosja",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: Rosja",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: Rosja"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tt",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tatar: Россия (Rossiyä)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tatar: Россия (Rossiyä)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tyv",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tuvan: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tuvan: Россия (Rossiya)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "udm",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Udmurt: Россия (Rosśija)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Udmurt: Россия (Rosśija)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "Rossiya",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: Rossiya",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: Rossiya"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sah",
            "2": "Россия",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yakut: Россия (Rossiya)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yakut: Россия (Rossiya)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "Роси́ꙗ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "Роси́ꙗ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja)",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic Роси́ꙗ (Rosíja). It is the first known spelling of the name in Cyrillic in the ascetical treatise The Ladder of Divine Ascent by John Climacus transcribed by Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev on April 24, 1387.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Росси́я",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Rossíja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "росси́йский",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Россию́шка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́я",
      "roman": "Rossíja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ю",
      "roman": "Rossíju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ей",
      "roman": "Rossíjej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́ею",
      "roman": "Rossíjeju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Росси́и",
      "roman": "Rossíi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Росси́я",
        "adj": "росси́йский",
        "dim": "Россию́шка"
      },
      "expansion": "Росси́я • (Rossíja) f inan (genitive Росси́и, relational adjective росси́йский, diminutive Россию́шка)",
      "name": "ru-proper noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "rossíjskij",
      "word": "росси́йский"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rossijánin",
      "word": "россия́нин"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rossijánka",
      "word": "россия́нка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rússkij",
      "word": "ру́сский"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rússkaja",
      "word": "ру́сская"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rússkije",
      "word": "ру́сские"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Moskvá",
      "word": "Москва́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "strány Jevrópy",
      "topics": [
        "countries-of-Europe",
        "countries",
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "стра́ны Евро́пы"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ávstrija",
      "word": "А́встрия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Azerbajdžán",
      "word": "Азербайджа́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Albánija",
      "word": "Алба́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Andórra",
      "word": "Андо́рра"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Arménija",
      "word": "Арме́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Belarúsʹ",
      "word": "Белару́сь"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bélʹgija",
      "word": "Бе́льгия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bolgárija",
      "word": "Болга́рия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bósnija i Gercegovína",
      "word": "Бо́сния и Герцегови́на"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Vatikán",
      "word": "Ватика́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Véngrija",
      "word": "Ве́нгрия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Germánija",
      "word": "Герма́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Grécija",
      "word": "Гре́ция"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Grúzija",
      "word": "Гру́зия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Dánija",
      "word": "Да́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Islándija",
      "word": "Исла́ндия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Irlándija",
      "word": "Ирла́ндия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Itálija",
      "word": "Ита́лия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ispánija",
      "word": "Испа́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kazaxstán",
      "word": "Казахста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kipr",
      "word": "Кипр"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Látvija",
      "word": "Ла́твия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Lixtɛnštɛ́jn",
      "word": "Лихтенште́йн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Litvá",
      "word": "Литва́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ljuksembúrg",
      "word": "Люксембу́рг"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Málʹta",
      "word": "Ма́льта"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Moldóva",
      "word": "Молдо́ва"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Monáko",
      "word": "Мона́ко"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Norvégija",
      "word": "Норве́гия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Niderlándy",
      "word": "Нидерла́нды"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Pólʹša",
      "word": "По́льша"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Portugálija",
      "word": "Португа́лия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rumýnija",
      "word": "Румы́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rossíja",
      "word": "Росси́я"
    },
    {
      "roman": "San-Maríno",
      "word": "Сан-Мари́но"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sévernaja Makedónija",
      "word": "Се́верная Македо́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sérbija",
      "word": "Се́рбия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Slovákija",
      "word": "Слова́кия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Slovénija",
      "word": "Слове́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sojedinjónnoje Korolévstvo",
      "word": "Соединённое Короле́вство"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Túrcija",
      "word": "Ту́рция"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Ukraína",
      "word": "Украи́на"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Finljándija",
      "word": "Финля́ндия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Fráncija",
      "word": "Фра́нция"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xorvátija",
      "word": "Хорва́тия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Černogórija",
      "word": "Черного́рия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Čéxija",
      "word": "Че́хия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Švécija",
      "word": "Шве́ция"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Švejcárija",
      "word": "Швейца́рия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Estónija",
      "word": "Эсто́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "strány Ázii",
      "topics": [
        "countries-of-Asia",
        "countries",
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "стра́ны А́зии"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Afganistán",
      "word": "Афганиста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bangladɛ́š",
      "word": "Бангладе́ш"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Baxréjn",
      "word": "Бахре́йн"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Brunéj",
      "word": "Бруне́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bután",
      "word": "Бута́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Vʹjetnám",
      "word": "Вьетна́м"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Vostóčnyj Timór",
      "word": "Восто́чный Тимо́р"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jegípet",
      "word": "Еги́пет"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Izráilʹ",
      "word": "Изра́иль"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Índija",
      "word": "И́ндия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Indonɛ́zija",
      "word": "Индоне́зия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Iordánija",
      "word": "Иорда́ния"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Irán",
      "word": "Ира́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Irák",
      "word": "Ира́к"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jjémen",
      "word": "Йе́мен"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kambódža",
      "word": "Камбо́джа"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kátar",
      "word": "Ка́тар"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kitáj",
      "word": "Кита́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kuvéjt",
      "word": "Куве́йт"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kyrgyzstán",
      "word": "Кыргызста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Laós",
      "word": "Лао́с"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Liván",
      "word": "Лива́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Malájzija",
      "word": "Мала́йзия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Malʹdívy",
      "word": "Мальди́вы"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Mongólija",
      "word": "Монго́лия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Mʹjánma",
      "word": "Мья́нма"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nepál",
      "word": "Непа́л"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Obʺjedinjónnyje Arábskije Emiráty",
      "word": "Объединённые Ара́бские Эмира́ты"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Omán",
      "word": "Ома́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Pakistán",
      "word": "Пакиста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Saúdovskaja Arávija",
      "word": "Сау́довская Ара́вия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sévernaja Koréja",
      "word": "Се́верная Коре́я"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Singapúr",
      "word": "Сингапу́р"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Sírija",
      "word": "Си́рия"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tadžikistán",
      "word": "Таджикиста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tailánd",
      "word": "Таила́нд"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Turkmenistán",
      "word": "Туркмениста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Uzbekistán",
      "word": "Узбекиста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Filippíny",
      "word": "Филиппи́ны"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Šri-Lánka",
      "word": "Шри-Ла́нка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Júžnaja Koréja",
      "word": "Ю́жная Коре́я"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Japónija",
      "word": "Япо́ния"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian 3-syllable words",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian feminine nouns",
        "Russian inanimate nouns",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Russian proper nouns",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Russian terms with audio links",
        "Russian terms with usage examples",
        "ru:Countries",
        "ru:Countries in Asia",
        "ru:Countries in Europe",
        "ru:Russia"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "in Russia",
          "roman": "v Rossíi",
          "text": "в Росси́и",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to Russia",
          "roman": "v Rossíju",
          "text": "в Росси́ю",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "from Russia",
          "roman": "iz Rossíi",
          "text": "из Росси́и",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Russia (The largest country in the world, a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia; official name: Росси́йская Федера́ция (Rossíjskaja Federácija))"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Russia",
          "Russia#English:_Q159"
        ],
        [
          "transcontinental",
          "transcontinental"
        ],
        [
          "Eastern Europe",
          "Eastern Europe#English"
        ],
        [
          "North Asia",
          "North Asia#English"
        ],
        [
          "Росси́йская Федера́ция",
          "Российская Федерация#Russian"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "Росси́йская Федера́ция"
        },
        {
          "word": ";"
        },
        {
          "word": "РФ"
        },
        {
          "word": ";"
        },
        {
          "word": "Гарда́рика"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Cyprian, Metropolitan of Kiev",
        "John Climacus",
        "The Ladder of Divine Ascent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[rɐˈsʲijə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-Россия.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ru-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Rússkaja zemljá",
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "poetic"
      ],
      "word": "Ру́сская земля́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rusʹ",
      "word": "Русь"
    },
    {
      "english": "Holy Russia",
      "roman": "Svjatája Rusʹ",
      "word": "Свята́я Русь ()"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Mátuška Rossíja",
      "tags": [
        "endearing",
        "poetic"
      ],
      "word": "Ма́тушка Росси́я"
    },
    {
      "english": "Mother Russia",
      "roman": "Rossíja-Mátuška",
      "word": "Росси́я-Ма́тушка ()"
    },
    {
      "english": "the Motherland",
      "roman": "ródina",
      "tags": [
        "capitalized",
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "ро́дина"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rossíjuška",
      "word": "Росси́юшка"
    },
    {
      "english": "from English",
      "roman": "Ráša",
      "sense": "pejorative or jocular, mostly in online or political slang",
      "tags": [
        "also",
        "lowercase"
      ],
      "word": "Ра́ша"
    },
    {
      "english": "from English",
      "roman": "Ráška",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ],
      "word": "Ра́шка"
    },
    {
      "english": "РФ; from",
      "roman": "Erɛ́fija",
      "word": "Эрэ́фия"
    },
    {
      "english": "from old Belarusian or regional",
      "roman": "Raséja",
      "word": "Расе́я"
    },
    {
      "roman": "blogosphere",
      "word": "Рои́сся"
    },
    {
      "roman": "RoZZíja",
      "tags": [
        "neologism"
      ],
      "word": "РоZZи́я"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Pidoráška",
      "word": "Пидора́шка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kacapstán",
      "sense": "pejorative or jocular, mostly in Ukrainian usage",
      "tags": [
        "also",
        "lowercase"
      ],
      "word": "Кацапста́н"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Kacápija",
      "word": "Каца́пия"
    },
    {
      "english": "Muscovy",
      "roman": "Moskóvija",
      "word": "Моско́вия ()"
    },
    {
      "english": "Mordor",
      "roman": "Mórdor",
      "word": "Мо́рдор ()"
    },
    {
      "english": "Orc land",
      "roman": "orkostán",
      "word": "оркоста́н ()"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xujlostán",
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "Хуйлоста́н"
    },
    {
      "english": "Slave Dying Emirates",
      "roman": "Rábskije Vymiráty",
      "word": "Ра́бские Вымира́ты ()"
    },
    {
      "english": "Pynia's/Putin's Zimbabwe",
      "roman": "Pynebábvɛ",
      "word": "Пынеба́бве ()"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Rossíja",
      "word": "Россі́я — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Россия"
}

{
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Блинолопатия (Blinolopatija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Великая Русь (Velikaja Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Матушка Россия (Matuška Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Мать-Россия (Matʹ-Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "offensive"
          ],
          "word": "Мокша (Mokša)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Мордор (Mordor)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "historical"
          ],
          "word": "Московия (Moskovija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Оркостан (Orkostan)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорахия (Pidoraxija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорашка (Pidoraška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Пидорашня (Pidorašnja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рабсия (Rabsija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рабский Вымираты (Rabskij Vymiraty)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Раша (Raša)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Рашка (Raška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "РоZZия (RoZZija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "родина (rodina)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Роисся (Roissja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "word": "Российская Федерация (Rossijskaja Federacija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing"
          ],
          "word": "Россиюшка (Rossijuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "gender-neutral"
          ],
          "word": "Россия (Rossija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Россия-матушка (Rossija-matuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русская земля (Russkaja zemlja)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русь (Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Русь-матушка (Rusʹ-matuška)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "abbreviation"
          ],
          "word": "РФ (RF)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "endearing",
            "historical",
            "poetic"
          ],
          "word": "Святая Русь (Svjataja Rusʹ)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "word": "Скотоублюдия"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "страна 404 (strana 404)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "Хуйлостан (Xujlostan)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Эрэфия (Erɛfija)"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:Россия",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory",
            "humorous"
          ],
          "word": "Пынебабве (Pynebabve)"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "source": "thesaurus",
  "word": "Россия"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.