See -ать in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ать meaning in Russian (27.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-atʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-átʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1a imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ющий",
"roman": "-ájuščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́емый",
"roman": "-ájemyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-анный",
"roman": "-annyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́я",
"roman": "-ája",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ю",
"roman": "-áju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ешь",
"roman": "-áješʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ет",
"roman": "-ájet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ем",
"roman": "-ájem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ете",
"roman": "-ájete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ют",
"roman": "-ájut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́й",
"roman": "-áj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́йте",
"roman": "-ájte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1a imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ать",
"roman": "-́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ающий",
"roman": "-́ajuščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-́авший",
"roman": "-́avšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аемый",
"roman": "-́ajemyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ая",
"roman": "-́aja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ав",
"roman": "-́av",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́авши",
"roman": "-́avši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аю",
"roman": "-́aju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -́ать",
"roman": "búdu -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аешь",
"roman": "-́aješʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -́ать",
"roman": "búdešʹ -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ает",
"roman": "-́ajet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -́ать",
"roman": "búdet -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аем",
"roman": "-́ajem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -́ать",
"roman": "búdem -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аете",
"roman": "-́ajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -́ать",
"roman": "búdete -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ают",
"roman": "-́ajut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -́ать",
"roman": "búdut -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ай",
"roman": "-́aj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́айте",
"roman": "-́ajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ал",
"roman": "-́al",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ала",
"roman": "-́ala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ало",
"roman": "-́alo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "-ать",
"head2": "-а́ть"
},
"expansion": "-ать or -а́ть • (-atʹ or -átʹ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "1a+p",
"3": "-а́ть"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "1a",
"3": "-́ать"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 23 23 18 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The infinitive suffix for many verbs. Usually indicates an imperfective verb."
],
"id": "en--ать-ru-suffix-m7fbhV~F",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 23 23 18 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "по- (po-) + ме́тить impf (métitʹ, “to mark”) → поме́тить pf (pométitʹ, “to mark, to date”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → помеча́ть impf (pomečátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "за- (za-) + роди́ть impf (rodítʹ, “to give birth”) → зароди́ть pf (zarodítʹ, “to engender”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → зарожда́ть impf (zaroždátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "ко́нчить pf (kónčitʹ, “to finish”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → конча́ть impf (končátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "оби́деть pf (obídetʹ, “to offend, to insult”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → обижа́ть impf (obižátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in place of -я́ть (-játʹ) after the hushing sibilants ш щ ч ж and after жд, when used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 verbs (in -ить (-itʹ)) following one of т д с з ш ж ч щ. Always stressed. Triggers iotation of the final stem consonant, although it's unpredictable whether the iotation of т results in ч or щ, and whether the iotation of д results in ж or жд. Very occasionally found with class 5 verbs in -еть (-etʹ)."
],
"id": "en--ать-ru-suffix-4sB52So0",
"links": [
[
"-я́ть",
"-ять#Russian"
],
[
"-ить",
"-ить#Russian"
],
[
"iotation",
"Appendix:Glossary#iotation"
],
[
"-еть",
"-еть#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 23 23 18 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "за- (za-) + мо́лкнуть impf (mólknutʹ, “to fade, to grow quiet”) → замо́лкнуть pf (zamólknutʹ, “to become silent”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → замолка́ть impf (zamolkátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "об- (ob-) + грызть impf (gryztʹ, “to gnaw”) → обгры́зть pf (obgrýztʹ, “to gnaw around”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → обгрыза́ть impf (obgryzátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "на- (na-) + пасть impf (pastʹ, “to fall”) → напа́сть pf (napástʹ, “to fall on, to attack”) (underlying stem напа́д-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → напада́ть impf (napadátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "от- (ot-) + сечь impf (sečʹ, “to cut, to chop”) → отсе́чь pf (otséčʹ, “to cut off, to chop off”) (underlying stem отсе́к-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → отсека́ть impf (otsekátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "раз- (raz-) + ре́зать impf (rézatʹ, “to cut, to carve”) → разре́зать pf (razrézatʹ, “to cut off”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → разреза́ть impf (razrezátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "по- (po-) + ки́нуть impf (kínutʹ, “to throw”) → поки́нуть pf (pokínutʹ, “to leave, to abandon”) (underlying stem поки́д-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → покида́ть impf (pokidátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to derive imperfective verbs from certain classes of prefixed perfective verbs, where the stem ends in a non-palatal consonant, e.g. class 3 (-нуть (-nutʹ)), class 6 (some -ать (-atʹ), particularly where the present tense does not end in -аю (-aju)), class 7 (-ть (-tʹ) after a consonant and -ти (-ti)), class 8 (-чь (-čʹ)). Always stressed (which may be the only difference between the perfective and imperfective forms, esp. for class 6 perfectives). It is added to the underlying stem, minus the infinitive suffix. In some cases, the underlying stem is not apparent in the infinitive. In such a case, the stem may appear in the present tense (in class 7 verbs such as напа́сть (napástʹ), underlying stem напа́д- visible in present 1st singular нападу́ (napadú), or in class 8 verbs such as отсе́чь (otséčʹ), underlying stem отсе́к- visible in present 1st singular отсеку́ (otsekú)) or may not (in class 3 verbs in -нуть, e.g. поки́нуть (pokínutʹ), underlying stem поки́д-)."
],
"id": "en--ать-ru-suffix-oDM0O1gX",
"links": [
[
"-нуть",
"-нуть#Russian"
],
[
"-ать",
"-ать#Russian"
],
[
"-ть",
"-ть#Russian"
],
[
"-ти",
"-ти#Russian"
],
[
"-чь",
"-чь#Russian"
],
[
"напа́сть",
"напасть#Russian"
],
[
"нападу́",
"нападу#Russian"
],
[
"отсе́чь",
"отсечь#Russian"
],
[
"отсеку́",
"отсеку#Russian"
],
[
"поки́нуть",
"покинуть#Russian"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-jatʹ",
"word": "-ять"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-etʹ",
"word": "-еть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-itʹ",
"word": "-ить"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-tʹ",
"word": "-ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-ti",
"word": "-ти"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"roman": "-jatʹ",
"word": "-ять"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 23 23 18 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "с- (s-) + купи́ть impf (kupítʹ, “to buy”) → скупи́ть pf (skupítʹ, “to buy up”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → скупа́ть impf (skupátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "от- (ot-) + руби́ть impf (rubítʹ, “to chop”) → отруби́ть pf (otrubítʹ, “to chop off”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → отруба́ть impf (otrubátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "ступи́ть pf (stupítʹ, “to tread, to step”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → ступа́ть impf (stupátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "до- (do-) + горе́ть impf (gorétʹ, “to burn”) → догоре́ть pf (dogorétʹ, “to burn down, to burn out”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → догора́ть impf (dogorátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Occasionally, irregularly used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 (-ить (-itʹ)) and class 5 (some -еть (-etʹ)) verbs where the stem ends in a paired palatal consonant. Always stressed. Does not trigger iotation."
],
"id": "en--ать-ru-suffix-0M9TFEO3",
"links": [
[
"-ить",
"-ить#Russian"
],
[
"-еть",
"-еть#Russian"
],
[
"iotation",
"Appendix:Glossary#iotation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"ipa": "[ətʲ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈatʲ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-atʲ"
}
],
"word": "-ать"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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},
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{
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"5": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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{
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"expansion": "*-ěti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-ēˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₁ti",
"4": "*-eh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati, from earlier *-ěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁- (stative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-átʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5b imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́щий",
"roman": "-áščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́",
"roman": "-á",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у́",
"roman": "-ú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́шь",
"roman": "-íšʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́т",
"roman": "-ít",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́м",
"roman": "-ím",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́т",
"roman": "-át",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́",
"roman": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́щий",
"roman": "-áščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́",
"roman": "-á",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у́",
"roman": "-ú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ишь",
"roman": "-išʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ит",
"roman": "-it",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-им",
"roman": "-im",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ите",
"roman": "-ite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ат",
"roman": "-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́",
"roman": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5a imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ать",
"roman": "-atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ащий",
"roman": "-aščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-авший",
"roman": "-avšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а",
"roman": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ав",
"roman": "-av",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-авши",
"roman": "-avši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -ать",
"roman": "búdu -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ишь",
"roman": "-išʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -ать",
"roman": "búdešʹ -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ит",
"roman": "-it",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -ать",
"roman": "búdet -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-им",
"roman": "-im",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -ать",
"roman": "búdem -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ите",
"roman": "-ite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -ать",
"roman": "búdete -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ат",
"roman": "-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -ать",
"roman": "búdut -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьте",
"roman": "-ʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ал",
"roman": "-al",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ала",
"roman": "-ala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ало",
"roman": "-alo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-а́ть"
},
"expansion": "-а́ть • (-átʹ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5b",
"3": "-а́ть",
"asif_prefix": "ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5c",
"3": "-а́ть",
"asif_prefix": "ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5a",
"3": "-ать",
"asif_prefix": "е́ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 23 23 18 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in place of -е́ть (-étʹ) after the hushing sibilants ш щ ч ж, when used to derive class-5 imperfective verbs from nouns, especially onomatopoeic verbs. Probably no longer productive."
],
"id": "en--ать-ru-suffix-LsRwe1L9",
"links": [
[
"-е́ть",
"-еть#Russian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "not after hushing sibilants",
"roman": "-étʹ",
"word": "-е́ть"
},
{
"word": "/j/"
},
{
"english": "after underling /j/",
"roman": "-játʹ",
"word": "-я́ть"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"ipa": "[ətʲ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈatʲ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-atʲ"
}
],
"word": "-ать"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Russian/atʲ",
"Rhymes:Russian/atʲ/2 syllables",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian class 1 verbs",
"Russian class 1a verbs",
"Russian class 5 verbs",
"Russian class 5a verbs",
"Russian class 5b verbs",
"Russian class 5c verbs",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian imperfective verbs",
"Russian intransitive verbs",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian suffixes",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian transitive verbs",
"Russian verb-forming suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-atʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-átʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1a imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ющий",
"roman": "-ájuščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́емый",
"roman": "-ájemyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-анный",
"roman": "-annyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́я",
"roman": "-ája",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ю",
"roman": "-áju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ешь",
"roman": "-áješʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ет",
"roman": "-ájet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ем",
"roman": "-ájem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ете",
"roman": "-ájete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ют",
"roman": "-ájut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́й",
"roman": "-áj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́йте",
"roman": "-ájte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1a imperfective transitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ать",
"roman": "-́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ающий",
"roman": "-́ajuščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-́авший",
"roman": "-́avšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аемый",
"roman": "-́ajemyj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ая",
"roman": "-́aja",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ав",
"roman": "-́av",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́авши",
"roman": "-́avši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аю",
"roman": "-́aju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -́ать",
"roman": "búdu -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аешь",
"roman": "-́aješʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -́ать",
"roman": "búdešʹ -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ает",
"roman": "-́ajet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -́ать",
"roman": "búdet -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аем",
"roman": "-́ajem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -́ать",
"roman": "búdem -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́аете",
"roman": "-́ajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -́ать",
"roman": "búdete -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ают",
"roman": "-́ajut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -́ать",
"roman": "búdut -́atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ай",
"roman": "-́aj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́айте",
"roman": "-́ajte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ал",
"roman": "-́al",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ала",
"roman": "-́ala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ало",
"roman": "-́alo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́али",
"roman": "-́ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "-ать",
"head2": "-а́ть"
},
"expansion": "-ать or -а́ть • (-atʹ or -átʹ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "1a+p",
"3": "-а́ть"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "1a",
"3": "-́ать"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-jatʹ",
"word": "-ять"
},
{
"roman": "-etʹ",
"word": "-еть"
},
{
"roman": "-itʹ",
"word": "-ить"
},
{
"roman": "-tʹ",
"word": "-ть"
},
{
"roman": "-ti",
"word": "-ти"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The infinitive suffix for many verbs. Usually indicates an imperfective verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "по- (po-) + ме́тить impf (métitʹ, “to mark”) → поме́тить pf (pométitʹ, “to mark, to date”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → помеча́ть impf (pomečátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "за- (za-) + роди́ть impf (rodítʹ, “to give birth”) → зароди́ть pf (zarodítʹ, “to engender”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → зарожда́ть impf (zaroždátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "ко́нчить pf (kónčitʹ, “to finish”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → конча́ть impf (končátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "оби́деть pf (obídetʹ, “to offend, to insult”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → обижа́ть impf (obižátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used in place of -я́ть (-játʹ) after the hushing sibilants ш щ ч ж and after жд, when used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 verbs (in -ить (-itʹ)) following one of т д с з ш ж ч щ. Always stressed. Triggers iotation of the final stem consonant, although it's unpredictable whether the iotation of т results in ч or щ, and whether the iotation of д results in ж or жд. Very occasionally found with class 5 verbs in -еть (-etʹ)."
],
"links": [
[
"-я́ть",
"-ять#Russian"
],
[
"-ить",
"-ить#Russian"
],
[
"iotation",
"Appendix:Glossary#iotation"
],
[
"-еть",
"-еть#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "за- (za-) + мо́лкнуть impf (mólknutʹ, “to fade, to grow quiet”) → замо́лкнуть pf (zamólknutʹ, “to become silent”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → замолка́ть impf (zamolkátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "об- (ob-) + грызть impf (gryztʹ, “to gnaw”) → обгры́зть pf (obgrýztʹ, “to gnaw around”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → обгрыза́ть impf (obgryzátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "на- (na-) + пасть impf (pastʹ, “to fall”) → напа́сть pf (napástʹ, “to fall on, to attack”) (underlying stem напа́д-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → напада́ть impf (napadátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "от- (ot-) + сечь impf (sečʹ, “to cut, to chop”) → отсе́чь pf (otséčʹ, “to cut off, to chop off”) (underlying stem отсе́к-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → отсека́ть impf (otsekátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "раз- (raz-) + ре́зать impf (rézatʹ, “to cut, to carve”) → разре́зать pf (razrézatʹ, “to cut off”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → разреза́ть impf (razrezátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "по- (po-) + ки́нуть impf (kínutʹ, “to throw”) → поки́нуть pf (pokínutʹ, “to leave, to abandon”) (underlying stem поки́д-) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → покида́ть impf (pokidátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to derive imperfective verbs from certain classes of prefixed perfective verbs, where the stem ends in a non-palatal consonant, e.g. class 3 (-нуть (-nutʹ)), class 6 (some -ать (-atʹ), particularly where the present tense does not end in -аю (-aju)), class 7 (-ть (-tʹ) after a consonant and -ти (-ti)), class 8 (-чь (-čʹ)). Always stressed (which may be the only difference between the perfective and imperfective forms, esp. for class 6 perfectives). It is added to the underlying stem, minus the infinitive suffix. In some cases, the underlying stem is not apparent in the infinitive. In such a case, the stem may appear in the present tense (in class 7 verbs such as напа́сть (napástʹ), underlying stem напа́д- visible in present 1st singular нападу́ (napadú), or in class 8 verbs such as отсе́чь (otséčʹ), underlying stem отсе́к- visible in present 1st singular отсеку́ (otsekú)) or may not (in class 3 verbs in -нуть, e.g. поки́нуть (pokínutʹ), underlying stem поки́д-)."
],
"links": [
[
"-нуть",
"-нуть#Russian"
],
[
"-ать",
"-ать#Russian"
],
[
"-ть",
"-ть#Russian"
],
[
"-ти",
"-ти#Russian"
],
[
"-чь",
"-чь#Russian"
],
[
"напа́сть",
"напасть#Russian"
],
[
"нападу́",
"нападу#Russian"
],
[
"отсе́чь",
"отсечь#Russian"
],
[
"отсеку́",
"отсеку#Russian"
],
[
"поки́нуть",
"покинуть#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "с- (s-) + купи́ть impf (kupítʹ, “to buy”) → скупи́ть pf (skupítʹ, “to buy up”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → скупа́ть impf (skupátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "от- (ot-) + руби́ть impf (rubítʹ, “to chop”) → отруби́ть pf (otrubítʹ, “to chop off”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → отруба́ть impf (otrubátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "ступи́ть pf (stupítʹ, “to tread, to step”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → ступа́ть impf (stupátʹ)"
},
{
"text": "до- (do-) + горе́ть impf (gorétʹ, “to burn”) → догоре́ть pf (dogorétʹ, “to burn down, to burn out”) + -а́ть (-átʹ) → догора́ть impf (dogorátʹ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Occasionally, irregularly used to derive imperfective verbs from (normally but not always prefixed) perfective class 4 (-ить (-itʹ)) and class 5 (some -еть (-etʹ)) verbs where the stem ends in a paired palatal consonant. Always stressed. Does not trigger iotation."
],
"links": [
[
"-ить",
"-ить#Russian"
],
[
"-еть",
"-еть#Russian"
],
[
"iotation",
"Appendix:Glossary#iotation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"ipa": "[ətʲ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈatʲ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-atʲ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-jatʹ",
"word": "-ять"
}
],
"word": "-ать"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Russian/atʲ",
"Rhymes:Russian/atʲ/2 syllables",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian class 5 verbs",
"Russian class 5a verbs",
"Russian class 5b verbs",
"Russian class 5c verbs",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian imperfective verbs",
"Russian intransitive verbs",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian suffixes",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ěti"
},
"expansion": "*-ěti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*-ēˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēˀtei",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-éh₁ti",
"4": "*-eh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ati, from earlier *-ěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ēˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₁- (stative suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-átʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5b imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́щий",
"roman": "-áščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́",
"roman": "-á",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у́",
"roman": "-ú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́шь",
"roman": "-íšʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́т",
"roman": "-ít",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́м",
"roman": "-ím",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́т",
"roman": "-át",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́",
"roman": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5c imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ть",
"roman": "-átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́щий",
"roman": "-áščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вший",
"roman": "-ávšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́",
"roman": "-á",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́в",
"roman": "-áv",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́вши",
"roman": "-ávši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у́",
"roman": "-ú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -а́ть",
"roman": "búdu -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ишь",
"roman": "-išʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -а́ть",
"roman": "búdešʹ -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ит",
"roman": "-it",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -а́ть",
"roman": "búdet -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-им",
"roman": "-im",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -а́ть",
"roman": "búdem -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ите",
"roman": "-ite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -а́ть",
"roman": "búdete -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ат",
"roman": "-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -а́ть",
"roman": "búdut -átʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́",
"roman": "-í",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-и́те",
"roman": "-íte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́л",
"roman": "-ál",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ла",
"roman": "-ála",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ло",
"roman": "-álo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-а́ли",
"roman": "-áli",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "5a imperfective intransitive",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ать",
"roman": "-atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ащий",
"roman": "-aščij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-авший",
"roman": "-avšij",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-а",
"roman": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ав",
"roman": "-av",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-авши",
"roman": "-avši",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-у",
"roman": "-u",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́ду -ать",
"roman": "búdu -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ишь",
"roman": "-išʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дешь -ать",
"roman": "búdešʹ -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ит",
"roman": "-it",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дет -ать",
"roman": "búdet -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-им",
"roman": "-im",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дем -ать",
"roman": "búdem -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ите",
"roman": "-ite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дете -ать",
"roman": "búdete -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ат",
"roman": "-at",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "бу́дут -ать",
"roman": "búdut -atʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ʹ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьте",
"roman": "-ʹte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ал",
"roman": "-al",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ала",
"roman": "-ala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ало",
"roman": "-alo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-али",
"roman": "-ali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-а́ть"
},
"expansion": "-а́ть • (-átʹ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5b",
"3": "-а́ть",
"asif_prefix": "ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5c",
"3": "-а́ть",
"asif_prefix": "ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "5a",
"3": "-ать",
"asif_prefix": "е́ж"
},
"name": "ru-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used in place of -е́ть (-étʹ) after the hushing sibilants ш щ ч ж, when used to derive class-5 imperfective verbs from nouns, especially onomatopoeic verbs. Probably no longer productive."
],
"links": [
[
"-е́ть",
"-еть#Russian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "-ать",
"ipa": "[ətʲ]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈatʲ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-atʲ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "not after hushing sibilants",
"roman": "-étʹ",
"word": "-е́ть"
},
{
"word": "/j/"
},
{
"english": "after underling /j/",
"roman": "-játʹ",
"word": "-я́ть"
}
],
"word": "-ать"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.