See чудь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ťuďь",
"t": "foreign, strange"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ťuďь (“foreign, strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "smi",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Vasmer, the term probably originally referred to Germanic people, and derives from Proto-Slavic *ťuďь (“foreign, strange”), from Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”); compare to чужо́й (čužój). Alternatively, perhaps related to Sami čuđđe (“enemy”), but that would require early contact between East Slavs and Sami, and the Sami word might rather be a loanword from Slavic.\nThe Sami word can be explained as a loan from Slavic during the war between Sami and the Čuđek (if this war has any historical evidence).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čudʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "чудско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дь",
"roman": "čúdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дь",
"roman": "čúdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дью",
"roman": "čúdʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f",
"adj": "чудско́й",
"n": "sg"
},
"expansion": "чудь • (čudʹ) f inan (genitive чу́ди, uncountable, relational adjective чудско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "čudin",
"word": "чудин"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "čudskój",
"word": "чудско́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Čudskóje ózero",
"word": "Чудско́е о́зеро"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "čuxná",
"word": "чухна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "čuxónec",
"word": "чухо́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "čučka",
"word": "чучка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "identical creature in Norwegian folklore",
"word": "tuss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Ethnonyms",
"orig": "ru:Ethnonyms",
"parents": [
"Ethnicity",
"Names",
"People",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chud"
],
"id": "en-чудь-ru-noun-9TaY-S~h",
"links": [
[
"Chud",
"Chud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Chud"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Mythology",
"orig": "ru:Mythology",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is a legend – a very common one in Siberia – regarding these structures, that long ago the “Chud” lived here, and that they lived until the time when the woods (white birch) first started to grow on the mountains.",
"ref": "1865, П. А. Кропоткин, Поездка в Окинский караул:",
"roman": "Ob etix postrojkax nositsja predanije, voobšče očenʹ rasprostranjónnoje v Sibiri, što nekogda žila tut «čudʹ» i žila do tovo vremeni, poka ne stal pokazyvatʹsja na gorax les (belaja berjóza).",
"text": "Об этих постройках носится предание, вообще очень распространённое в Сибири, что некогда жила тут «чудь» и жила до того времени, пока не стал показываться на горах лес (белая берёза).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a legendary people group (extinct or still living a subterranean life), builders of burial mounds and other prehistoric monuments"
],
"id": "en-чудь-ru-noun-oO5mnbPp",
"links": [
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"legendary",
"legendary"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"qualifier": "Siberia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, mythology, Urals, Siberia) a legendary people group (extinct or still living a subterranean life), builders of burial mounds and other prehistoric monuments"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕʉtʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-чудь.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "чудь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Gothic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Sami languages",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ťuďь",
"t": "foreign, strange"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ťuďь (“foreign, strange”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰",
"t": "people"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "smi",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Vasmer, the term probably originally referred to Germanic people, and derives from Proto-Slavic *ťuďь (“foreign, strange”), from Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”); compare to чужо́й (čužój). Alternatively, perhaps related to Sami čuđđe (“enemy”), but that would require early contact between East Slavs and Sami, and the Sami word might rather be a loanword from Slavic.\nThe Sami word can be explained as a loan from Slavic during the war between Sami and the Čuđek (if this war has any historical evidence).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "čudʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "чудско́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дь",
"roman": "čúdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дь",
"roman": "čúdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́дью",
"roman": "čúdʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "чу́ди",
"roman": "čúdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f",
"adj": "чудско́й",
"n": "sg"
},
"expansion": "чудь • (čudʹ) f inan (genitive чу́ди, uncountable, relational adjective чудско́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "čudin",
"word": "чудин"
},
{
"roman": "čudskój",
"word": "чудско́й"
},
{
"roman": "Čudskóje ózero",
"word": "Чудско́е о́зеро"
},
{
"roman": "čuxná",
"word": "чухна́"
},
{
"roman": "čuxónec",
"word": "чухо́нец"
},
{
"roman": "čučka",
"word": "чучка"
},
{
"english": "identical creature in Norwegian folklore",
"word": "tuss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian collective nouns",
"ru:Ethnonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"Chud"
],
"links": [
[
"Chud",
"Chud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective) Chud"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian collective nouns",
"Russian terms with quotations",
"ru:Mythology"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There is a legend – a very common one in Siberia – regarding these structures, that long ago the “Chud” lived here, and that they lived until the time when the woods (white birch) first started to grow on the mountains.",
"ref": "1865, П. А. Кропоткин, Поездка в Окинский караул:",
"roman": "Ob etix postrojkax nositsja predanije, voobšče očenʹ rasprostranjónnoje v Sibiri, što nekogda žila tut «čudʹ» i žila do tovo vremeni, poka ne stal pokazyvatʹsja na gorax les (belaja berjóza).",
"text": "Об этих постройках носится предание, вообще очень распространённое в Сибири, что некогда жила тут «чудь» и жила до того времени, пока не стал показываться на горах лес (белая берёза).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a legendary people group (extinct or still living a subterranean life), builders of burial mounds and other prehistoric monuments"
],
"links": [
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"legendary",
"legendary"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"qualifier": "Siberia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(collective, mythology, Urals, Siberia) a legendary people group (extinct or still living a subterranean life), builders of burial mounds and other prehistoric monuments"
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕʉtʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-чудь.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Ru-%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"word": "чудь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for чудь meaning in Russian (5.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: collective, mythology, Urals, Siberia",
"path": [
"чудь"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "чудь",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: collective, mythology, Urals, Siberia",
"path": [
"чудь"
],
"section": "Russian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "чудь",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.