See том in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "том",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: том (tom)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: том (tom)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tome",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "la",
"3": "tomus"
},
"expansion": "Latin tomus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τέμνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tęti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "temnō"
},
"expansion": "Latin temnō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tome, from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos), from Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (whence also Proto-Slavic *tęti, Latin temnō, tondeō, and possibly tempus, templum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "томо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́мик",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "то́м",
"roman": "tóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"roman": "tomá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ма",
"roman": "tóma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "томо́в",
"roman": "tomóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́му",
"roman": "tómu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́м",
"roman": "tomám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́м",
"roman": "tóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"roman": "tomá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́мом",
"roman": "tómom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́ми",
"roman": "tomámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ме",
"roman": "tóme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́х",
"roman": "tomáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"dim": "то́мик"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) m inan (genitive то́ма, nominative plural тома́, genitive plural томо́в, diminutive то́мик)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 37 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mnogotómnyj",
"word": "многото́мный"
},
{
"roman": "odnotómnyj",
"word": "одното́мный"
}
],
"glosses": [
"volume (of a book, magazine or disk)"
],
"id": "en-том-ru-noun-mfk2qiI8",
"links": [
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Borrowed"
},
{
"roman": "anatómija",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "анато́мия"
},
{
"roman": "temnospondíl",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "темноспонди́л"
},
{
"roman": "entomológija",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "энтомоло́гия"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tom]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-том.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "determiner form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 37 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tot",
"word": "тот"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine/neuter prepositional singular of тот (tot)"
],
"id": "en-том-ru-det-D3~dhEQF",
"links": [
[
"тот",
"тот#Russian:_determiner"
]
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 24 38 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 25 37 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tot",
"word": "тот"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine/neuter prepositional singular of тот (tot)"
],
"id": "en-том-ru-pron-D3~dhEQF",
"links": [
[
"тот",
"тот#Russian:_pronoun"
]
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "n-in-s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) n inan sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"id": "en-том-ru-pron-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian determiner forms",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns",
"Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian irregular nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns ending in a consonant with plural -а",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Russian nouns with irregular nominative plural",
"Russian pronoun forms",
"Russian terms borrowed from French",
"Russian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Russian terms derived from French",
"Russian terms derived from Latin",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temh₁-",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "mnogotómnyj",
"word": "многото́мный"
},
{
"roman": "odnotómnyj",
"word": "одното́мный"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "том",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: том (tom)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: том (tom)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tome",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "la",
"3": "tomus"
},
"expansion": "Latin tomus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τέμνω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*temh₁-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tęti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tęti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "temnō"
},
"expansion": "Latin temnō",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tome, from Latin tomus, from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos), from Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (whence also Proto-Slavic *tęti, Latin temnō, tondeō, and possibly tempus, templum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ма",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "томо́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́мик",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "то́м",
"roman": "tóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"roman": "tomá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"irregular",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ма",
"roman": "tóma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "томо́в",
"roman": "tomóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́му",
"roman": "tómu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́м",
"roman": "tomám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́м",
"roman": "tóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́",
"roman": "tomá",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"irregular",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́мом",
"roman": "tómom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́ми",
"roman": "tomámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "то́ме",
"roman": "tóme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тома́х",
"roman": "tomáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "",
"3": "(1)",
"dim": "то́мик"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) m inan (genitive то́ма, nominative plural тома́, genitive plural томо́в, diminutive то́мик)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Borrowed"
},
{
"roman": "anatómija",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "анато́мия"
},
{
"roman": "temnospondíl",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "темноспонди́л"
},
{
"roman": "entomológija",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "энтомоло́гия"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"volume (of a book, magazine or disk)"
],
"links": [
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tom]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-том.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Ru-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC.ogg"
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian determiner forms",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian pronoun forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "determiner form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tot",
"word": "тот"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine/neuter prepositional singular of тот (tot)"
],
"links": [
[
"тот",
"тот#Russian:_determiner"
]
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian determiner forms",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian pronoun forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "tot",
"word": "тот"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine/neuter prepositional singular of тот (tot)"
],
"links": [
[
"тот",
"тот#Russian:_pronoun"
]
],
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian determiner forms",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian non-lemma forms",
"Russian pronoun forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "tom",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "томъ",
"roman": "tom",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "pronoun form",
"3": "demonstrative",
"g": "n-in-s"
},
"expansion": "том • (tom) n inan sg (demonstrative)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"demonstrative",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "том"
}
Download raw JSONL data for том meaning in Russian (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.