"сосна" meaning in Russian

See сосна in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [sɐsˈna] Audio: Ru-сосна.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic сосна (sosna), from Proto-Slavic *sosna, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn-. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|сосна|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic сосна (sosna), {{inh+|ru|orv|сосна}} Inherited from Old East Slavic сосна (sosna), {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*sosna}} Proto-Slavic *sosna, {{der|ru|ine-pro|*ḱesn-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn- Head templates: {{ru-noun+|d|сосна́|*|adj=сосно́вый|dim=со́сенка|dim2=сосёнка}} сосна́ • (sosná) f inan (genitive сосны́, nominative plural со́сны, genitive plural со́сен, relational adjective сосно́вый, diminutive со́сенка or сосёнка) Forms: сосна́ [canonical], sosná [romanization], сосны́ [genitive], со́сны [nominative, plural], со́сен [genitive, plural], сосно́вый [adjective, relational], со́сенка [diminutive], сосёнка [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], сосна́ [nominative, singular], со́сны [nominative, plural], сосны́ [genitive, singular], со́сен [genitive, plural], сосне́ [dative, singular], со́снам [dative, plural], сосну́ [accusative, singular], со́сны [accusative, plural], сосно́й [instrumental, singular], сосно́ю [instrumental, singular], со́снами [instrumental, plural], сосне́ [prepositional, singular], со́снах [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], сосна́ [dated, nominative, singular], со́сны [dated, nominative, plural], сосны́ [dated, genitive, singular], со́сенъ [dated, genitive, plural], соснѣ́ [dated, dative, singular], со́снамъ [dated, dative, plural], сосну́ [accusative, dated, singular], со́сны [accusative, dated, plural], сосно́й [dated, instrumental, singular], сосно́ю [dated, instrumental, singular], со́снами [dated, instrumental, plural], соснѣ́ [dated, prepositional, singular], со́снахъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. pine, pine tree Categories (lifeform): Conifers, Woods
    Sense id: en-сосна-ru-noun-NHlLks6Q Disambiguation of Conifers: 93 7 Disambiguation of Woods: 73 27 Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern d, Russian nouns with reducible stem Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 97 3 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 99 1 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 99 1 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 98 2 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern d: 69 31 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with reducible stem: 69 31
  2. pine wood
    Sense id: en-сосна-ru-noun--6yALN3r
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: соснови́к (sosnovík) [masculine] 
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "სისნა",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "conifer needle, branch"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Svan: სისნა (sisna, “conifer needle, branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Svan: სისნა (sisna, “conifer needle, branch”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "сосна",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic сосна (sosna)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "сосна"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic сосна (sosna)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*sosna"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱesn-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic сосна (sosna), from Proto-Slavic *sosna, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosná",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сен",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́вый",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сенка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосёнка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "roman": "sosná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "roman": "sosný",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сен",
      "roman": "sósen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосне́",
      "roman": "sosné",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снам",
      "roman": "sósnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосну́",
      "roman": "sosnú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́й",
      "roman": "sosnój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́ю",
      "roman": "sosnóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снами",
      "roman": "sósnami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосне́",
      "roman": "sosné",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снах",
      "roman": "sósnax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "roman": "sosná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "roman": "sosný",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сенъ",
      "roman": "sósen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "соснѣ́",
      "roman": "sosně́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снамъ",
      "roman": "sósnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосну́",
      "roman": "sosnú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́й",
      "roman": "sosnój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́ю",
      "roman": "sosnóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снами",
      "roman": "sósnami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "соснѣ́",
      "roman": "sosně́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снахъ",
      "roman": "sósnax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "d",
        "2": "сосна́",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "сосно́вый",
        "dim": "со́сенка",
        "dim2": "сосёнка"
      },
      "expansion": "сосна́ • (sosná) f inan (genitive сосны́, nominative plural со́сны, genitive plural со́сен, relational adjective сосно́вый, diminutive со́сенка or сосёнка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sosnovík",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "соснови́к"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "99 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "99 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern d",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Conifers",
          "orig": "ru:Conifers",
          "parents": [
            "Gymnosperms",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Woods",
          "orig": "ru:Woods",
          "parents": [
            "Natural materials",
            "Trees",
            "Materials",
            "Nature",
            "Plants",
            "Manufacturing",
            "All topics",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pine, pine tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-сосна-ru-noun-NHlLks6Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "pine",
          "pine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pine wood"
      ],
      "id": "en-сосна-ru-noun--6yALN3r",
      "links": [
        [
          "pine",
          "pine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sɐsˈna]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-сосна.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "сосна"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian feminine nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-d nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern d",
    "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
    "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ru:Conifers",
    "ru:Woods"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "სისნა",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "conifer needle, branch"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Svan: სისნა (sisna, “conifer needle, branch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Svan: სისნა (sisna, “conifer needle, branch”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
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      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "сосна",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic сосна (sosna)",
      "name": "inh"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "сосна"
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*sosna"
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      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *sosna",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
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        "3": "*ḱesn-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic сосна (sosna), from Proto-Slavic *sosna, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱesn-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosná",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сен",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́вый",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сенка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосёнка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "roman": "sosná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "roman": "sosný",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сен",
      "roman": "sósen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосне́",
      "roman": "sosné",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снам",
      "roman": "sósnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосну́",
      "roman": "sosnú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́й",
      "roman": "sosnój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́ю",
      "roman": "sosnóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снами",
      "roman": "sósnami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосне́",
      "roman": "sosné",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снах",
      "roman": "sósnax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-d",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосна́",
      "roman": "sosná",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосны́",
      "roman": "sosný",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сенъ",
      "roman": "sósen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "соснѣ́",
      "roman": "sosně́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снамъ",
      "roman": "sósnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосну́",
      "roman": "sosnú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́сны",
      "roman": "sósny",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́й",
      "roman": "sosnój",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "сосно́ю",
      "roman": "sosnóju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снами",
      "roman": "sósnami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "соснѣ́",
      "roman": "sosně́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "со́снахъ",
      "roman": "sósnax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "d",
        "2": "сосна́",
        "3": "*",
        "adj": "сосно́вый",
        "dim": "со́сенка",
        "dim2": "сосёнка"
      },
      "expansion": "сосна́ • (sosná) f inan (genitive сосны́, nominative plural со́сны, genitive plural со́сен, relational adjective сосно́вый, diminutive со́сенка or сосёнка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "sosnovík",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "соснови́к"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pine, pine tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pine",
          "pine"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pine wood"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pine",
          "pine"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sɐsˈna]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-сосна.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ru-%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "сосна"
}

Download raw JSONL data for сосна meaning in Russian (6.7kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.