"подкинуть" meaning in Russian

See подкинуть in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [pɐtˈkʲinʊtʲ]
Etymology: под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ) Etymology templates: {{af|ru|под-|ки́нуть}} под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ) Head templates: {{ru-verb|подки́нуть|pf|impf=подки́дывать}} подки́нуть • (podkínutʹ) pf (imperfective подки́дывать) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|pf|3a+p|подки́нуть}} Forms: подки́нуть [canonical], podkínutʹ [romanization], подки́дывать [imperfective], perfective transitive [table-tags], подки́нуть [infinitive, perfective], - [active, participle, present], подки́нувший [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], подки́нутый [participle, passive, past], - [adverbial, participle, present], подки́нув [adverbial, participle, past], подки́нувши [adverbial, participle, past], - [first-person, present, singular], подки́ну [first-person, future, singular], - [present, second-person, singular], подки́нешь [future, second-person, singular], - [present, singular, third-person], подки́нет [future, singular, third-person], - [first-person, plural, present], подки́нем [first-person, future, plural], - [plural, present, second-person], подки́нете [future, plural, second-person], - [plural, present, third-person], подки́нут [future, plural, third-person], подки́нь [imperative, singular], подки́ньте [imperative, plural], подки́нул [masculine, past, singular], подки́нули [masculine, past, plural], подки́нула [feminine, past, singular], подки́нули [feminine, past, plural], подки́нуло [neuter, past, singular], подки́нули [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to toss up, to throw up
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-heSbrMHO Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms prefixed with под- Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 7 13 7 7 27 11 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 27 6 15 6 6 22 19 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 32 4 11 4 4 29 17 Disambiguation of Russian terms prefixed with под-: 26 10 11 10 10 20 14
  2. to throw (under)
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-gaA8RPBq
  3. to put secretly/stealthily, to plant (fake evidence)
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-IU8KUjCM Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 7 13 7 7 27 11 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 32 4 11 4 4 29 17
  4. to add
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-cujaXIaj
  5. (colloquial) to give a lift Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-02roEpbJ
  6. (colloquial) to bring up, to give some more Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-Vrkm8LvZ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 7 13 7 7 27 11 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 32 4 11 4 4 29 17
  7. to add (a card) to be beaten
    Sense id: en-подкинуть-ru-verb-9wpjgpVU Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 27 7 13 7 7 27 11 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 32 4 11 4 4 29 17
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: подки́дыш (podkídyš) [masculine], подкидно́й (podkidnój)
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "под-",
        "3": "ки́нуть"
      },
      "expansion": "под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "подки́нуть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podkínutʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́дывать",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3a perfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нуть",
      "roman": "podkínutʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нувший",
      "roman": "podkínuvšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нутый",
      "roman": "podkínutyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нув",
      "roman": "podkínuv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нувши",
      "roman": "podkínuvši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́ну",
      "roman": "podkínu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нешь",
      "roman": "podkínešʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нет",
      "roman": "podkínet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нем",
      "roman": "podkínem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нете",
      "roman": "podkínete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нут",
      "roman": "podkínut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нь",
      "roman": "podkínʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́ньте",
      "roman": "podkínʹte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нул",
      "roman": "podkínul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нула",
      "roman": "podkínula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нуло",
      "roman": "podkínulo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "подки́нуть",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "подки́дывать"
      },
      "expansion": "подки́нуть • (podkínutʹ) pf (imperfective подки́дывать)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "3a+p",
        "3": "подки́нуть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "podkídyš",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "подки́дыш"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "podkidnój",
      "word": "подкидно́й"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 7 13 7 7 27 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 6 15 6 6 22 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 4 11 4 4 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 10 11 10 10 20 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms prefixed with под-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to toss up, to throw up"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-heSbrMHO",
      "links": [
        [
          "toss up",
          "toss up"
        ],
        [
          "throw up",
          "throw up"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to throw (under)"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-gaA8RPBq",
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 7 13 7 7 27 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 4 11 4 4 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to abandon a baby at someone's door",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ rebjónka komú-libo",
          "text": "подки́нуть ребёнка кому́-либо",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put secretly/stealthily, to plant (fake evidence)"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-IU8KUjCM",
      "links": [
        [
          "put",
          "put"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "stealthily",
          "stealthily"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to throw more (fire)wood on the fire",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ drov v péčku",
          "text": "подки́нуть дров в пе́чку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to add"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-cujaXIaj",
      "links": [
        [
          "add",
          "add"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to give a lift"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-02roEpbJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "give a lift",
          "give a lift"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to give a lift"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 7 13 7 7 27 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 4 11 4 4 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to give some more money",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ denʹžát",
          "text": "подки́нуть деньжа́т",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bring up, to give some more"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-Vrkm8LvZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "bring up",
          "bring up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to bring up, to give some more"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 7 13 7 7 27 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 4 11 4 4 29 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to add (a card) to be beaten"
      ],
      "id": "en-подкинуть-ru-verb-9wpjgpVU",
      "links": [
        [
          "add",
          "add"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɐtˈkʲinʊtʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "подкинуть"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian class 3 verbs",
    "Russian class 3a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian perfective verbs",
    "Russian terms prefixed with под-",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian transitive verbs",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "под-",
        "3": "ки́нуть"
      },
      "expansion": "под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "под- (pod-) + ки́нуть (kínutʹ)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "подки́нуть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "podkínutʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́дывать",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3a perfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нуть",
      "roman": "podkínutʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нувший",
      "roman": "podkínuvšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нутый",
      "roman": "podkínutyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нув",
      "roman": "podkínuv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нувши",
      "roman": "podkínuvši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́ну",
      "roman": "podkínu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нешь",
      "roman": "podkínešʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нет",
      "roman": "podkínet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нем",
      "roman": "podkínem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нете",
      "roman": "podkínete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нут",
      "roman": "podkínut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нь",
      "roman": "podkínʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́ньте",
      "roman": "podkínʹte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нул",
      "roman": "podkínul",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нула",
      "roman": "podkínula",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нуло",
      "roman": "podkínulo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "подки́нули",
      "roman": "podkínuli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "подки́нуть",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "подки́дывать"
      },
      "expansion": "подки́нуть • (podkínutʹ) pf (imperfective подки́дывать)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "3a+p",
        "3": "подки́нуть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "podkídyš",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "подки́дыш"
    },
    {
      "roman": "podkidnój",
      "word": "подкидно́й"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to toss up, to throw up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "toss up",
          "toss up"
        ],
        [
          "throw up",
          "throw up"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to throw (under)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "throw",
          "throw"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to abandon a baby at someone's door",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ rebjónka komú-libo",
          "text": "подки́нуть ребёнка кому́-либо",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to put secretly/stealthily, to plant (fake evidence)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "put",
          "put"
        ],
        [
          "secretly",
          "secretly"
        ],
        [
          "stealthily",
          "stealthily"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to throw more (fire)wood on the fire",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ drov v péčku",
          "text": "подки́нуть дров в пе́чку",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to add"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "add",
          "add"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian colloquialisms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to give a lift"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "give a lift",
          "give a lift"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to give a lift"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian colloquialisms",
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to give some more money",
          "roman": "podkínutʹ denʹžát",
          "text": "подки́нуть деньжа́т",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bring up, to give some more"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bring up",
          "bring up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) to bring up, to give some more"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to add (a card) to be beaten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "add",
          "add"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pɐtˈkʲinʊtʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "подкинуть"
}

Download raw JSONL data for подкинуть meaning in Russian (6.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.