"палка" meaning in Russian

See палка in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈpaɫkə] Audio: Ru-палка.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*palъka|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *palъka, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*palъka}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka Head templates: {{ru-noun+|па́лка|*|adj=па́лочный|dim=па́лочка}} па́лка • (pálka) f inan (genitive па́лки, nominative plural па́лки, genitive plural па́лок, relational adjective па́лочный, diminutive па́лочка) Forms: па́лка [canonical], pálka [romanization], па́лки [genitive], па́лки [nominative, plural], па́лок [genitive, plural], па́лочный [adjective, relational], па́лочка [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], па́лка [nominative, singular], па́лки [nominative, plural], па́лки [genitive, singular], па́лок [genitive, plural], па́лке [dative, singular], па́лкам [dative, plural], па́лку [accusative, singular], па́лки [accusative, plural], па́лкой [instrumental, singular], па́лкою [instrumental, singular], па́лками [instrumental, plural], па́лке [prepositional, singular], па́лках [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], па́лка [dated, nominative, singular], па́лки [dated, nominative, plural], па́лки [dated, genitive, singular], па́локъ [dated, genitive, plural], па́лкѣ [dated, dative, singular], па́лкамъ [dated, dative, plural], па́лку [accusative, dated, singular], па́лки [accusative, dated, plural], па́лкой [dated, instrumental, singular], па́лкою [dated, instrumental, singular], па́лками [dated, instrumental, plural], па́лкѣ [dated, prepositional, singular], па́лкахъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. stick, cane, club
    Sense id: en-палка-ru-noun-5JeLfTuu Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian nouns with reducible stem Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 26 37 37 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with reducible stem: 22 36 42
  2. (vulgar) instance of sex, a fuck Tags: vulgar Categories (topical): Sex
    Sense id: en-палка-ru-noun-sH7ik2eP Disambiguation of Sex: 3 70 27 Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian nouns with reducible stem Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 26 37 37 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with reducible stem: 22 36 42
  3. used in the expression
    Sense id: en-палка-ru-noun-Azrlqi5e Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian nouns with reducible stem Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 14 35 51 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 35 51 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 3 26 71 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 3 17 80 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 26 37 37 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with reducible stem: 22 36 42
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: из-под палки (iz-pod palki), палка дров (palka drov) Related terms: па́лица (pálica) [feminine]
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "iz-pod palki",
      "word": "из-под палки"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "palka drov",
      "word": "палка дров"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*palъka",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *palъka",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*palъka"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pálka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лок",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лочный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лочка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "roman": "pálka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лок",
      "roman": "pálok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лке",
      "roman": "pálke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкам",
      "roman": "pálkam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лку",
      "roman": "pálku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкой",
      "roman": "pálkoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкою",
      "roman": "pálkoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лками",
      "roman": "pálkami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лке",
      "roman": "pálke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лках",
      "roman": "pálkax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "roman": "pálka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́локъ",
      "roman": "pálok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкѣ",
      "roman": "pálkě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкамъ",
      "roman": "pálkam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лку",
      "roman": "pálku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкой",
      "roman": "pálkoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкою",
      "roman": "pálkoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лками",
      "roman": "pálkami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкѣ",
      "roman": "pálkě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкахъ",
      "roman": "pálkax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "па́лка",
        "2": "*",
        "adj": "па́лочный",
        "dim": "па́лочка"
      },
      "expansion": "па́лка • (pálka) f inan (genitive па́лки, nominative plural па́лки, genitive plural па́лок, relational adjective па́лочный, diminutive па́лочка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "pálica",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "па́лица"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 37 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 36 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stick, cane, club"
      ],
      "id": "en-палка-ru-noun-5JeLfTuu",
      "links": [
        [
          "stick",
          "stick"
        ],
        [
          "cane",
          "cane"
        ],
        [
          "club",
          "club"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 37 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 36 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 70 27",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Sex",
          "orig": "ru:Sex",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "instance of sex, a fuck"
      ],
      "id": "en-палка-ru-noun-sH7ik2eP",
      "links": [
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ],
        [
          "fuck",
          "fuck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(vulgar) instance of sex, a fuck"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 35 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 35 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 17 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 37 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 36 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "under duress; forced (literally, “from under a stick”)",
          "roman": "iz-pod pálki",
          "text": "из-под па́лки",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in the expression"
      ],
      "id": "en-палка-ru-noun-Azrlqi5e"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpaɫkə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-палка.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "палка"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian feminine nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian nouns with reducible stem",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "ru:Sex"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "iz-pod palki",
      "word": "из-под палки"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palka drov",
      "word": "палка дров"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*palъka",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *palъka",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*palъka"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *palъka.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pálka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лок",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лочный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лочка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "roman": "pálka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лок",
      "roman": "pálok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лке",
      "roman": "pálke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкам",
      "roman": "pálkam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лку",
      "roman": "pálku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкой",
      "roman": "pálkoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкою",
      "roman": "pálkoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лками",
      "roman": "pálkami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лке",
      "roman": "pálke",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лках",
      "roman": "pálkax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лка",
      "roman": "pálka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́локъ",
      "roman": "pálok",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкѣ",
      "roman": "pálkě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкамъ",
      "roman": "pálkam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лку",
      "roman": "pálku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лки",
      "roman": "pálki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкой",
      "roman": "pálkoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкою",
      "roman": "pálkoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лками",
      "roman": "pálkami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкѣ",
      "roman": "pálkě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "па́лкахъ",
      "roman": "pálkax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "па́лка",
        "2": "*",
        "adj": "па́лочный",
        "dim": "па́лочка"
      },
      "expansion": "па́лка • (pálka) f inan (genitive па́лки, nominative plural па́лки, genitive plural па́лок, relational adjective па́лочный, diminutive па́лочка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "pálica",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "па́лица"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stick, cane, club"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stick",
          "stick"
        ],
        [
          "cane",
          "cane"
        ],
        [
          "club",
          "club"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian vulgarities"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "instance of sex, a fuck"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sex",
          "sex"
        ],
        [
          "fuck",
          "fuck"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(vulgar) instance of sex, a fuck"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "under duress; forced (literally, “from under a stick”)",
          "roman": "iz-pod pálki",
          "text": "из-под па́лки",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used in the expression"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpaɫkə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-палка.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Ru-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "палка"
}

Download raw JSONL data for палка meaning in Russian (6.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.