"окунь" meaning in Russian

See окунь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈokʊnʲ] Audio: Ru-окунь.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ), from Proto-Slavic *òkunь. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|о́кунь|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ), {{inh+|ru|orv|о́кунь}} Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ), {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*òkunь}} Proto-Slavic *òkunь Head templates: {{ru-noun+|e|о́кунь|m|a=an}} о́кунь • (ókunʹ) m anim (genitive о́куня, nominative plural о́куни, genitive plural окуне́й) Forms: о́кунь [canonical], ókunʹ [romanization], о́куня [genitive], о́куни [nominative, plural], окуне́й [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], о́кунь [nominative, singular], о́куни [nominative, plural], о́куня [genitive, singular], окуне́й [genitive, plural], о́куню [dative, singular], окуня́м [dative, plural], о́куня [accusative, singular], окуне́й [accusative, plural], о́кунем [instrumental, singular], окуня́ми [instrumental, plural], о́куне [prepositional, singular], окуня́х [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], о́кунь [dated, nominative, singular], о́куни [dated, nominative, plural], о́куня [dated, genitive, singular], окуне́й [dated, genitive, plural], о́куню [dated, dative, singular], окуня́мъ [dated, dative, plural], о́куня [accusative, dated, singular], окуне́й [accusative, dated, plural], о́кунемъ [dated, instrumental, singular], окуня́ми [dated, instrumental, plural], о́кунѣ [dated, prepositional, singular], окуня́хъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. perch Categories (lifeform): Percoid fish
    Sense id: en-окунь-ru-noun-h~sA0lnL Disambiguation of Percoid fish: 69 31 Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern e Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 91 9 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 97 3 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern e: 67 33
  2. bass
    Sense id: en-окунь-ru-noun-RBNJ4ewv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: окунёвый (okunjóvyj)

Download JSON data for окунь meaning in Russian (6.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "av",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Avar: окунь (okunʲ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Avar: окунь (okunʲ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ce",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chechen: окунь (okunʲ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chechen: окунь (okunʲ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dar",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dargwa: окунь (okun’)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dargwa: окунь (okun’)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Erzya: окунь (okuń)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Erzya: окунь (okuń)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: окунь (okun)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: окунь (okun)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crp-rsn",
            "2": "haakonn",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russenorsk: haakonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russenorsk: haakonn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "о́кунь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "о́кунь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*òkunь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *òkunь",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ), from Proto-Slavic *òkunь.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ókunʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "roman": "ókunʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "roman": "ókuni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куню",
      "roman": "ókunju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́м",
      "roman": "okunjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунем",
      "roman": "ókunem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́ми",
      "roman": "okunjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куне",
      "roman": "ókune",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́х",
      "roman": "okunjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "roman": "ókunʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "roman": "ókuni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куню",
      "roman": "ókunju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́мъ",
      "roman": "okunjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунемъ",
      "roman": "ókunem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́ми",
      "roman": "okunjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунѣ",
      "roman": "ókuně",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́хъ",
      "roman": "okunjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e",
        "2": "о́кунь",
        "3": "m",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "о́кунь • (ókunʹ) m anim (genitive о́куня, nominative plural о́куни, genitive plural окуне́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "okunjóvyj",
      "word": "окунёвый"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "97 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern e",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Percoid fish",
          "orig": "ru:Percoid fish",
          "parents": [
            "Fish",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "perch"
      ],
      "id": "en-окунь-ru-noun-h~sA0lnL",
      "links": [
        [
          "perch",
          "perch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bass"
      ],
      "id": "en-окунь-ru-noun-RBNJ4ewv",
      "links": [
        [
          "bass",
          "bass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈokʊnʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-окунь.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "окунь"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:окунь"
  ],
  "word": "окунь"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian animate nouns",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian masculine nouns",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern e",
    "Russian soft-stem masculine-form accent-e nouns",
    "Russian soft-stem masculine-form nouns",
    "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "ru:Percoid fish"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "av",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Avar: окунь (okunʲ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Avar: окунь (okunʲ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ce",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Chechen: окунь (okunʲ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Chechen: окунь (okunʲ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dar",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dargwa: окунь (okun’)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dargwa: окунь (okun’)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Erzya: окунь (okuń)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Erzya: окунь (okuń)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "окунь",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: окунь (okun)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: окунь (okun)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crp-rsn",
            "2": "haakonn",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russenorsk: haakonn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russenorsk: haakonn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "о́кунь",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "о́кунь"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*òkunь"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *òkunь",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic о́кунь (ókunĭ), from Proto-Slavic *òkunь.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ókunʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "roman": "ókunʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "roman": "ókuni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куню",
      "roman": "ókunju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́м",
      "roman": "okunjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунем",
      "roman": "ókunem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́ми",
      "roman": "okunjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куне",
      "roman": "ókune",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́х",
      "roman": "okunjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "soft-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунь",
      "roman": "ókunʹ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куни",
      "roman": "ókuni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куню",
      "roman": "ókunju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́мъ",
      "roman": "okunjám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́куня",
      "roman": "ókunja",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуне́й",
      "roman": "okunéj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунемъ",
      "roman": "ókunem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́ми",
      "roman": "okunjámi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "о́кунѣ",
      "roman": "ókuně",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "окуня́хъ",
      "roman": "okunjáx",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "e",
        "2": "о́кунь",
        "3": "m",
        "a": "an"
      },
      "expansion": "о́кунь • (ókunʹ) m anim (genitive о́куня, nominative plural о́куни, genitive plural окуне́й)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "okunjóvyj",
      "word": "окунёвый"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "perch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perch",
          "perch"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "bass"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bass",
          "bass"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈokʊnʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-окунь.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Ru-%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C.ogg",
      "text": "окунь"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ru:окунь"
  ],
  "word": "окунь"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.