"кроме" meaning in Russian

See кроме in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Preposition

IPA: [ˈkromʲe] Audio: Ru-кроме.ogg Forms: кро́ме [canonical], króme [romanization], кро́мѣ [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, “partition”), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|orv|кромѣ||outside|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), {{inh+|ru|orv|кромѣ|gloss=outside}} Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), {{der|ru|sla-pro|*kroma||edge, boundary}} Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”) Head templates: {{head|ru|preposition|head=кро́ме}} кро́ме • (króme)
  1. except, besides Derived forms: кро́ме того́ (króme tovó) Related terms: кро́мка (krómka) [feminine], кроме́шный (kroméšnyj), укро́мный (ukrómnyj)
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "krome",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: krome",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: krome"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кромѣ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "outside",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кромѣ",
        "gloss": "outside"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kroma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "edge, boundary"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, “partition”), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кро́ме",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "króme",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кро́мѣ",
      "roman": "krómě",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "кро́ме"
      },
      "expansion": "кро́ме • (króme)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "info_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "gen"
      },
      "expansion": "[with genitive]",
      "extra_data": {
        "tags": [
          "genitive"
        ]
      },
      "name": "+obj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "króme tovó",
          "word": "кро́ме того́"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              58
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              50,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "english": "There was not a single Russian book in the library, except for the works of Sumarokov, which Polina never opened.",
          "ref": "1831, Александр Пушкин [Alexander Pushkin], Рославлев; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Roslavlev, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016:",
          "roman": "V bibliotéke ne býlo ni odnój rússkoj knígi, króme sočinénij Sumarókova, kotóryx Polína nikogdá ne raskryvála.",
          "text": "В библиоте́ке не бы́ло ни одно́й ру́сской кни́ги, кро́ме сочине́ний Сумаро́кова, кото́рых Поли́на никогда́ не раскрыва́ла.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "except, besides"
      ],
      "id": "en-кроме-ru-prep-5AjakWRH",
      "links": [
        [
          "except",
          "except"
        ],
        [
          "besides",
          "besides"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "krómka",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "кро́мка"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kroméšnyj",
          "word": "кроме́шный"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ukrómnyj",
          "word": "укро́мный"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkromʲe]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-кроме.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кроме"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "króme tovó",
      "word": "кро́ме того́"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "krome",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: krome",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: krome"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кромѣ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "outside",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "кромѣ",
        "gloss": "outside"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kroma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "edge, boundary"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic кромѣ (kromě, “outside”), old locative case of крома́ (kromá, “partition”), from Proto-Slavic *kroma (“edge, boundary”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кро́ме",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "króme",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кро́мѣ",
      "roman": "krómě",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "кро́ме"
      },
      "expansion": "кро́ме • (króme)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "info_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "gen"
      },
      "expansion": "[with genitive]",
      "extra_data": {
        "tags": [
          "genitive"
        ]
      },
      "name": "+obj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "krómka",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "кро́мка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kroméšnyj",
      "word": "кроме́шный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ukrómnyj",
      "word": "укро́мный"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Russian 2-syllable words",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian prepositions",
        "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Russian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              58
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              50,
              56
            ]
          ],
          "english": "There was not a single Russian book in the library, except for the works of Sumarokov, which Polina never opened.",
          "ref": "1831, Александр Пушкин [Alexander Pushkin], Рославлев; English translation from Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, transl., Roslavlev, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016:",
          "roman": "V bibliotéke ne býlo ni odnój rússkoj knígi, króme sočinénij Sumarókova, kotóryx Polína nikogdá ne raskryvála.",
          "text": "В библиоте́ке не бы́ло ни одно́й ру́сской кни́ги, кро́ме сочине́ний Сумаро́кова, кото́рых Поли́на никогда́ не раскрыва́ла.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "except, besides"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "except",
          "except"
        ],
        [
          "besides",
          "besides"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkromʲe]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-кроме.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кроме"
}

Download raw JSONL data for кроме meaning in Russian (3.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.