"каторга" meaning in Russian

See каторга in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈkatərɡə] Audio: Каторга (online-audio-converter.com).ogg
Etymology: From Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos). Etymology templates: {{der|ru|gkm|κάτεργον||galley; penal labor}} Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), {{der|ru|grc|κάτεργος|}} Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|ка́торга|adj=ка́торжный}} ка́торга • (kátorga) f inan (genitive ка́торги, nominative plural ка́торги, genitive plural ка́торг, relational adjective ка́торжный) Forms: ка́торга [canonical], kátorga [romanization], ка́торги [genitive], ка́торги [nominative, plural], ка́торг [genitive, plural], ка́торжный [adjective, relational], no-table-tags [table-tags], ка́торга [nominative, singular], ка́торги [nominative, plural], ка́торги [genitive, singular], ка́торг [genitive, plural], ка́торге [dative, singular], ка́торгам [dative, plural], ка́торгу [accusative, singular], ка́торги [accusative, plural], ка́торгой [instrumental, singular], ка́торгою [instrumental, singular], ка́торгами [instrumental, plural], ка́торге [prepositional, singular], ка́торгах [plural, prepositional]
  1. (type of punishment) penal servitude, hard labour Categories (topical): Prison
    Sense id: en-каторга-ru-noun-Y6PFJeoO Disambiguation of Prison: 93 7 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 98 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 98 2 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 98 2 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 95 5 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 72 28
  2. (figuratively) misery, hard life Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-каторга-ru-noun-NctiPat9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: каторжа́нин (katoržánin), ка́торжник (kátoržnik) 
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "κάτεργον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "galley; penal labor"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κάτεργος",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ка́торга",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kátorga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торг",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торжный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торга",
      "roman": "kátorga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торг",
      "roman": "kátorg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торге",
      "roman": "kátorge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгам",
      "roman": "kátorgam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгу",
      "roman": "kátorgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгой",
      "roman": "kátorgoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгою",
      "roman": "kátorgoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгами",
      "roman": "kátorgami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торге",
      "roman": "kátorge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгах",
      "roman": "kátorgax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ка́торга",
        "adj": "ка́торжный"
      },
      "expansion": "ка́торга • (kátorga) f inan (genitive ка́торги, nominative plural ка́торги, genitive plural ка́торг, relational adjective ка́торжный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "katoržánin",
      "word": "каторжа́нин"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kátoržnik",
      "word": "ка́торжник"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Prison",
          "orig": "ru:Prison",
          "parents": [
            "Buildings",
            "Law enforcement",
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Crime prevention",
            "Emergency services",
            "Law",
            "Architecture",
            "Crime",
            "Public safety",
            "Justice",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Criminal law",
            "Society",
            "Public administration",
            "Security",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Government",
            "Fundamental",
            "Politics"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "penal servitude, hard labour"
      ],
      "id": "en-каторга-ru-noun-Y6PFJeoO",
      "links": [
        [
          "penal servitude",
          "penal servitude"
        ],
        [
          "hard labour",
          "hard labour"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "type of punishment",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(type of punishment) penal servitude, hard labour"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "misery, hard life"
      ],
      "id": "en-каторга-ru-noun-NctiPat9",
      "links": [
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) misery, hard life"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkatərɡə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Каторга (online-audio-converter.com).ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "каторга"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian feminine nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "Russian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "ru:Prison"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "gkm",
        "3": "κάτεργον",
        "4": "",
        "5": "galley; penal labor"
      },
      "expansion": "Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "κάτεργος",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek κάτεργον (kátergon, “galley; penal labor”), from Ancient Greek κάτεργος (kátergos).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ка́торга",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kátorga",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торг",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торжный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торга",
      "roman": "kátorga",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торг",
      "roman": "kátorg",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торге",
      "roman": "kátorge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгам",
      "roman": "kátorgam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгу",
      "roman": "kátorgu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торги",
      "roman": "kátorgi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгой",
      "roman": "kátorgoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгою",
      "roman": "kátorgoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгами",
      "roman": "kátorgami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торге",
      "roman": "kátorge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ка́торгах",
      "roman": "kátorgax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ка́торга",
        "adj": "ка́торжный"
      },
      "expansion": "ка́торга • (kátorga) f inan (genitive ка́торги, nominative plural ка́торги, genitive plural ка́торг, relational adjective ка́торжный)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "katoržánin",
      "word": "каторжа́нин"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kátoržnik",
      "word": "ка́торжник"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "penal servitude, hard labour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "penal servitude",
          "penal servitude"
        ],
        [
          "hard labour",
          "hard labour"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "type of punishment",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(type of punishment) penal servitude, hard labour"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "misery, hard life"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "misery",
          "misery"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) misery, hard life"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkatərɡə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Каторга (online-audio-converter.com).ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%28online-audio-converter.com%29.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "каторга"
}

Download raw JSONL data for каторга meaning in Russian (4.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.