See дух in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուխ",
"bor": "on"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: դուխ (dux)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: դուխ (dux)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: dux"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "duh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gagauz: duh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gagauz: duh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dux",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "духово́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́х",
"roman": "dúx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"roman": "dúxi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"roman": "dúxa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"roman": "dúxov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ху",
"roman": "dúxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хам",
"roman": "dúxam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"roman": "dúxa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"roman": "dúxov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́х",
"roman": "dúx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"roman": "dúxi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хом",
"roman": "dúxom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хами",
"roman": "dúxami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хе",
"roman": "dúxe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хах",
"roman": "dúxax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ху",
"roman": "dúxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "духу́",
"roman": "duxú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ше",
"roman": "dúše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "духъ",
"roman": "dux",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "bi",
"adj": "духово́й",
"loc": "духу́",
"par": "ду́ху"
},
"expansion": "дух • (dux) m anim or m inan (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хов, relational adjective духово́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "vózdux",
"word": "во́здух"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "duxí",
"word": "духи́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "duxóvnyj",
"word": "духо́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dušístyj",
"word": "души́стый"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dúšnyj",
"word": "ду́шный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dušók",
"word": "душо́к"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "morale",
"literal_meaning": "fighting spirit",
"roman": "bojevój dux",
"text": "боево́й дух",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in a bad mood",
"roman": "ne v dúxe",
"text": "не в ду́хе",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-pomZrdMl",
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-HEj2MQ8c",
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 3 11 12 14 8 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 8 17 17 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 11 10 11 11 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "ru:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"courage"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-RJKqvXM~",
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ghost"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-6tbvA9Ye",
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 3 11 12 14 8 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 8 17 17 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 15 7 25 15 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with locative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 15 7 25 15 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with partitive singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 15 7 25 15 11 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with vocative singular",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 11 10 11 11 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "ru:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 3 11 12 14 8 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 8 17 17 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 11 10 11 11 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "ru:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 6 1 8 74 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Smell",
"orig": "ru:Smell",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scent"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-68o9GHpY",
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 3 11 12 14 8 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 10 3 10 10 24 7 3 3 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 11 2 15 11 34 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 10 3 15 16 32 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 11 3 16 12 34 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 8 17 17 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 6 16 13 27 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 11 10 11 11 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "ru:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rebel (especially in Afghanistan; from душма́н (dušmán))"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-YQGd7HRy",
"links": [
[
"rebel",
"rebel"
],
[
"душма́н",
"душман#Russian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "ru:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 17 8 17 17 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 11 10 11 11 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "ru:Afterlife",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers"
],
"id": "en-дух-ru-noun-Gh-8r~Mw",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"recruit",
"recruit"
],
[
"rookie",
"rookie"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
],
[
"longer",
"longer"
],
[
"serving",
"serve"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, slang) new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[dux]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-дух.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg"
}
],
"word": "дух"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian nouns with locative singular",
"Russian nouns with multiple animacies",
"Russian nouns with partitive singular",
"Russian nouns with vocative singular",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰews-",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"ru:Afterlife",
"ru:Smell",
"uk:Afterlife"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուխ",
"bor": "on"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: դուխ (dux)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: դուխ (dux)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "dux",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: dux",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: dux"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "duh",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gagauz: duh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gagauz: duh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰews-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duxъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duxъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*duxъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duxъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dux",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "духово́й",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́х",
"roman": "dúx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"roman": "dúxi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"roman": "dúxa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"roman": "dúxov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ху",
"roman": "dúxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хам",
"roman": "dúxam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ха",
"roman": "dúxa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хов",
"roman": "dúxov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́х",
"roman": "dúx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хи",
"roman": "dúxi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хом",
"roman": "dúxom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хами",
"roman": "dúxami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хе",
"roman": "dúxe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́хах",
"roman": "dúxax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ху",
"roman": "dúxu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "духу́",
"roman": "duxú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ду́ше",
"roman": "dúše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "духъ",
"roman": "dux",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "bi",
"adj": "духово́й",
"loc": "духу́",
"par": "ду́ху"
},
"expansion": "дух • (dux) m anim or m inan (genitive ду́ха, nominative plural ду́хи, genitive plural ду́хов, relational adjective духово́й)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "vózdux",
"word": "во́здух"
},
{
"roman": "duxí",
"word": "духи́"
},
{
"roman": "duxóvnyj",
"word": "духо́вный"
},
{
"roman": "dušístyj",
"word": "души́стый"
},
{
"roman": "dúšnyj",
"word": "ду́шный"
},
{
"roman": "dušók",
"word": "душо́к"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian terms with collocations",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "morale",
"literal_meaning": "fighting spirit",
"roman": "bojevój dux",
"text": "боево́й дух",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in a bad mood",
"roman": "ne v dúxe",
"text": "не в ду́хе",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spirit"
],
"links": [
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mind"
],
"links": [
[
"mind",
"mind"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"courage"
],
"links": [
[
"courage",
"courage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ghost"
],
"links": [
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scent"
],
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rebel (especially in Afghanistan; from душма́н (dušmán))"
],
"links": [
[
"rebel",
"rebel"
],
[
"душма́н",
"душман#Russian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian slang",
"ru:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"recruit",
"recruit"
],
[
"rookie",
"rookie"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
],
[
"longer",
"longer"
],
[
"serving",
"serve"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, slang) new recruit, rookie who is sometimes abused by the longer serving soldiers"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[dux]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-дух.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Ru-%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85.ogg"
}
],
"word": "дух"
}
Download raw JSONL data for дух meaning in Russian (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.