"выродиться" meaning in Russian

See выродиться in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ˈvɨrədʲɪt͡sə]
Etymology: вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja) Etymology templates: {{q|dated}} (dated), {{af|ru|вы́родить|-ся|t1=to (cause to) degenerate (dated)}} вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja) Head templates: {{ru-verb|вы́родиться|pf|impf=вырожда́ться}} вы́родиться • (výroditʹsja) pf (imperfective вырожда́ться) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|pf|4a|вы́родиться}} Forms: вы́родиться [canonical], výroditʹsja [romanization], вырожда́ться [imperfective], perfective [table-tags], вы́родиться [infinitive, perfective], - [active, participle, present], вы́родившийся [active, participle, past], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, past], - [adverbial, participle, present], вы́родившись [adverbial, participle, past], - [first-person, present, singular], вы́рожусь [first-person, future, singular], - [present, second-person, singular], вы́родишься [future, second-person, singular], - [present, singular, third-person], вы́родится [future, singular, third-person], - [first-person, plural, present], вы́родимся [first-person, future, plural], - [plural, present, second-person], вы́родитесь [future, plural, second-person], - [plural, present, third-person], вы́родятся [future, plural, third-person], вы́родись [imperative, singular], вы́родитесь [imperative, plural], вы́родился [masculine, past, singular], вы́родились [masculine, past, plural], вы́родилась [feminine, past, singular], вы́родились [feminine, past, plural], вы́родилось [neuter, past, singular], вы́родились [neuter, past, plural]
  1. (intransitive) to degenerate Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-выродиться-ru-verb-sXBNjg6y Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian terms suffixed with -ся Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 55 45 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 79 21 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 86 14 Disambiguation of Russian terms suffixed with -ся: 78 22
  2. to disappear, to be lost over time
    Sense id: en-выродиться-ru-verb-iTfUjRSX
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: вырожде́нец (vyroždénec), вырожде́нка (vyroždénka), вырожде́нческий (vyroždénčeskij), вырожде́ние (vyroždénije), вырожде́нье (vyroždénʹje), вы́рожденный (výroždennyj), вы́рожденность (výroždennostʹ), род (english: rod), родово́й (rodovój), роди́мый (rodímyj), ро́дина (ródina), роди́тели (rodíteli), роди́тельный (rodítelʹnyj), родни́ть (rodnítʹ) [imperfective], сродни́ть (srodnítʹ) [perfective], породни́ть (porodnítʹ) [perfective], родни́ться (rodnítʹsja), родня́ (rodnjá), родно́й (rodnój), ро́дом (ródom), родство́ (rodstvó), роды́ (rodý), рожа́ть (rožátʹ) [imperfective], рожда́ть (roždátʹ) [imperfective], роди́ть (rodítʹ) [perfective], рожда́ться (roždátʹsja) [imperfective], роди́ться (rodítʹsja) [perfective]
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dated"
      },
      "expansion": "(dated)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́родить",
        "3": "-ся",
        "t1": "to (cause to) degenerate (dated)"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "вы́родиться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "výroditʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вырожда́ться",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a perfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родиться",
      "roman": "výroditʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родившийся",
      "roman": "výrodivšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родившись",
      "roman": "výrodivšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́рожусь",
      "roman": "výrožusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родишься",
      "roman": "výrodišʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родится",
      "roman": "výroditsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родимся",
      "roman": "výrodimsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родитесь",
      "roman": "výroditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родятся",
      "roman": "výrodjatsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родись",
      "roman": "výrodisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родитесь",
      "roman": "výroditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родился",
      "roman": "výrodilsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родилась",
      "roman": "výrodilasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родилось",
      "roman": "výrodilosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "вы́родиться",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "вырожда́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́родиться • (výroditʹsja) pf (imperfective вырожда́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "4a",
        "3": "вы́родиться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vyroždénec",
      "word": "вырожде́нец"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vyroždénka",
      "word": "вырожде́нка"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vyroždénčeskij",
      "word": "вырожде́нческий"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vyroždénije",
      "word": "вырожде́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vyroždénʹje",
      "word": "вырожде́нье"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "výroždennyj",
      "word": "вы́рожденный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "výroždennostʹ",
      "word": "вы́рожденность"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "rod",
      "word": "род"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodovój",
      "word": "родово́й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodímyj",
      "word": "роди́мый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ródina",
      "word": "ро́дина"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodíteli",
      "word": "роди́тели"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodítelʹnyj",
      "word": "роди́тельный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "родни́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "srodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "сродни́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "porodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "породни́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodnítʹsja",
      "word": "родни́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodnjá",
      "word": "родня́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodnój",
      "word": "родно́й"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ródom",
      "word": "ро́дом"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodstvó",
      "word": "родство́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodý",
      "word": "роды́"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rožátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожа́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "roždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "роди́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "roždátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожда́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rodítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "роди́ться"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to degenerate"
      ],
      "id": "en-выродиться-ru-verb-sXBNjg6y",
      "links": [
        [
          "degenerate",
          "degenerate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to degenerate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to disappear, to be lost over time"
      ],
      "id": "en-выродиться-ru-verb-iTfUjRSX",
      "links": [
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "lost",
          "lost"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɨrədʲɪt͡sə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "выродиться"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 4-syllable words",
    "Russian class 4 verbs",
    "Russian class 4a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian perfective verbs",
    "Russian reflexive verbs",
    "Russian terms suffixed with -ся",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dated"
      },
      "expansion": "(dated)",
      "name": "q"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "вы́родить",
        "3": "-ся",
        "t1": "to (cause to) degenerate (dated)"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "вы́родить (výroditʹ, “to (cause to) degenerate (dated)”) + -ся (-sja)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "вы́родиться",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "výroditʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вырожда́ться",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4a perfective reflexive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родиться",
      "roman": "výroditʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родившийся",
      "roman": "výrodivšijsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родившись",
      "roman": "výrodivšisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́рожусь",
      "roman": "výrožusʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родишься",
      "roman": "výrodišʹsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родится",
      "roman": "výroditsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родимся",
      "roman": "výrodimsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родитесь",
      "roman": "výroditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родятся",
      "roman": "výrodjatsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родись",
      "roman": "výrodisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родитесь",
      "roman": "výroditesʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родился",
      "roman": "výrodilsja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родилась",
      "roman": "výrodilasʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родилось",
      "roman": "výrodilosʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вы́родились",
      "roman": "výrodilisʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "вы́родиться",
        "2": "pf",
        "impf": "вырожда́ться"
      },
      "expansion": "вы́родиться • (výroditʹsja) pf (imperfective вырожда́ться)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "2": "4a",
        "3": "вы́родиться"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "vyroždénec",
      "word": "вырожде́нец"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vyroždénka",
      "word": "вырожде́нка"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vyroždénčeskij",
      "word": "вырожде́нческий"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vyroždénije",
      "word": "вырожде́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vyroždénʹje",
      "word": "вырожде́нье"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výroždennyj",
      "word": "вы́рожденный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výroždennostʹ",
      "word": "вы́рожденность"
    },
    {
      "english": "rod",
      "word": "род"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodovój",
      "word": "родово́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodímyj",
      "word": "роди́мый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ródina",
      "word": "ро́дина"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodíteli",
      "word": "роди́тели"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodítelʹnyj",
      "word": "роди́тельный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "родни́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "srodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "сродни́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "porodnítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "породни́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodnítʹsja",
      "word": "родни́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodnjá",
      "word": "родня́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodnój",
      "word": "родно́й"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ródom",
      "word": "ро́дом"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodstvó",
      "word": "родство́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodý",
      "word": "роды́"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rožátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожа́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "roždátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожда́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "роди́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "roždátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "рожда́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rodítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "роди́ться"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to degenerate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "degenerate",
          "degenerate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to degenerate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to disappear, to be lost over time"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "lost",
          "lost"
        ],
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɨrədʲɪt͡sə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "выродиться"
}

Download raw JSONL data for выродиться meaning in Russian (6.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Russian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.