See comercia in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"*merks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/merks"
],
[
"merx",
"merx#Latin"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
],
[
"commercium",
"commercium#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-or",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"commerciārī",
"commercior#Latin"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#Middle_French"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#French"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:commercer",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"commerciārī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"trade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"together, with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"merchandise\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*merks\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"merx\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"commercium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-or\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"commercior\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"commerce\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"infinitive suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzi\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"commercer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"commerce\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"verb\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"frm\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"fro:-ier<id:infinitive suffix>\", \"id\" : \"verb\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"commercer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"comercia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"comercia\">\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:commercer",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a comercia 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comercie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comercieze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comercieze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "comerciază",
"2": "comerciat"
},
"expansion": "a comercia (third-person singular present comerciază, past participle comerciat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 2 14 2 14 2 14 2 19 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 1 16 1 16 1 16 1 13 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to trade"
],
"id": "en-comercia-ro-verb-Wpfp3sTu",
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) to trade"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "comercia"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*ḱe",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱe#Proto-Indo-European:_here"
],
[
"*ḱóm",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱóm#Proto-Indo-European:_beside"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"*kom-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kom-#Proto-Italic:_with"
],
[
"con-",
"con-#Latin"
],
[
"*merks",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/merks"
],
[
"merx",
"merx#Latin"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#Latin"
],
[
"commercium",
"commercium#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-or",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"commerciārī",
"commercior#Latin"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#Middle_French"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#French"
],
[
"commercer",
"commercer#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:commercer",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"commerciārī\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"trade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"together, with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"with\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"beside\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"here\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱe\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱóm\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kom-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"con-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"merchandise\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*merks\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"merx\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"commercium\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-or\", \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"commercior\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"commerce\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"infinitive suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzi\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verb suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ere\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āre\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ier\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"commercer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"commerce\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"verb\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"frm\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"fro:-ier<id:infinitive suffix>\", \"id\" : \"verb\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-er\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"commercer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Romanian\", \"term\" : \"comercia\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ro\" }\" data-lang=\"ro\" data-title=\"comercia\">\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:commercer",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Italic *merks\nLatin merx\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusnom.\nLatin -ium\nLatin commercium\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -or\nLate Latin commerciārīlbor.\nMiddle French commercer\nFrench commercerbor.\nRomanian comercia\nBorrowed from French commercer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a comercia 1st conjugation",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciind",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comercie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comercieze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să comercieze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciază",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu comercia",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu comerciați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "comerciază",
"2": "comerciat"
},
"expansion": "a comercia (third-person singular present comerciază, past participle comerciat) 1st conjugation",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Romanian entries with etymology texts",
"Romanian entries with etymology trees",
"Romanian entries with etymon",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Late Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Middle French",
"Romanian terms derived from Old French",
"Romanian terms derived from Old Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱe",
"Romanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ḱóm",
"Romanian terms with obsolete senses",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"Romanian verbs with subjunctive not given"
],
"glosses": [
"to trade"
],
"links": [
[
"trade",
"trade"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) to trade"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "comercia"
}
Download raw JSONL data for comercia meaning in Romanian (17.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Romanian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.