"twiʀstaurijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See twiʀstaurijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”). Etymology templates: {{af|gmw-pro|*twiʀ-|*staurijan|t1=twain, asunder|t2=to destroy, disturb}} *twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”) Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *twiʀstaurijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], twiʀstaurijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], twiʀstaurijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], twiʀstaurijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], twiʀstaurijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], twiʀstauriju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], twiʀstauridā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], twiʀstaurisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], twiʀstauridēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], twiʀstauridōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], twiʀstauriþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], twiʀstauridē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], twiʀstauridā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], twiʀstaurijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], twiʀstauridum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], twiʀstauriþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], twiʀstauridud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], twiʀstaurijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], twiʀstauridun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], twiʀstaurijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], twiʀstauridī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], twiʀstaurijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], twiʀstauridī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], twiʀstaurijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], twiʀstauridī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], twiʀstaurijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], twiʀstauridīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], twiʀstaurijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], twiʀstauridīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], twiʀstaurijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], twiʀstauridīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], twiʀstauri [class-1, present, singular, weak], twiʀstauriþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], twiʀstaurijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], twiʀstaurid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to destroy Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-twiʀstaurijan-gmw-pro-verb-z~oZCw4l Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *twiʀ-
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "lang_code": "fy",
          "word": "testooren"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "tostēra"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "tostȫren"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "tostoren"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "testōrian"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "testōren"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "zerstören"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "zerstören"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "zistōren"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "zerstören"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "zerstören"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "zirstōren"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*twiʀ-",
        "3": "*staurijan",
        "t1": "twain, asunder",
        "t2": "to destroy, disturb"
      },
      "expansion": "*twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*twiʀstaurijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀstaurijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *twiʀ-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to destroy"
      ],
      "id": "en-twiʀstaurijan-gmw-pro-verb-z~oZCw4l",
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "twiʀstaurijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "lang_code": "fy",
          "word": "testooren"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Frisian",
      "lang_code": "ofs",
      "word": "tostēra"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "tostȫren"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Middle Low German",
          "lang_code": "gml",
          "word": "tostoren"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Saxon",
      "lang_code": "osx",
      "word": "testōrian"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old Dutch",
      "lang_code": "odt",
      "word": "testōren"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "zerstören"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "zerstören"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "zistōren"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "German",
              "lang_code": "de",
              "word": "zerstören"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "lang_code": "gmh",
          "word": "zerstören"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old High German",
      "lang_code": "goh",
      "word": "zirstōren"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*twiʀ-",
        "3": "*staurijan",
        "t1": "twain, asunder",
        "t2": "to destroy, disturb"
      },
      "expansion": "*twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *twiʀ- (“twain, asunder”) + *staurijan (“to destroy, disturb”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauridīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstauriþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "twiʀstaurid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*twiʀstaurijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀstaurijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *twiʀ-",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to destroy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destroy",
          "destroy"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "twiʀstaurijan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for twiʀstaurijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.