See twiʀn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "twīn",
"3": "*twirn",
"4": "*tweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: twīn, *twirn, *tweorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: twīn, *twirn, *tweorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twine",
"3": "twyne",
"4": "twin",
"5": "twern",
"6": "*twire",
"7": "*twir"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: twine, twyne, twin, twern, *twire, *twir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: twine, twyne, twin, twern, *twire, *twir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "twyn",
"3": "twine"
},
"expansion": "Scots: twyn, twine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: twyn, twine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twine",
"3": "twire"
},
"expansion": "English: twine, twire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: twine, twire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*twīn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *twīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *twīn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Twien"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Twien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Twien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twyn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twirn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twern",
"3": "twerne",
"4": "twērne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twern, twerne, twērne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twern, twerne, twērne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Tweern",
"3": "Tweernt"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Tweern, Tweernt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Tweern, Tweernt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*twīn",
"3": "*twirn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *twīn, *twirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *twīn, *twirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twern",
"3": "tweren",
"4": "twaern",
"5": "twijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twern, tweren, twaern, twijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twern, tweren, twaern, twijn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tweern",
"3": "twijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: tweern, twijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: tweern, twijn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*zwirn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwirn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zwirn"
},
"expansion": "German: Zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Zwern"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Zwern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Zwern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Zwir"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Zwir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Zwir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiznaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiznaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dwis-nó-s",
"t": "double"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwis-nó-s (“double”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís",
"3": "*-nós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "twice, in two"
},
"expansion": "*dwís (“twice, in two”) + *-nós",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tvinni",
"t": "twine"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tvinni (“twine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twiznaz, *twiznô (“twine”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-nó-s (“double”), from *dwís (“twice, in two”) + *-nós. Cognate with Old Norse tvinni (“twine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"twine, double thread"
],
"id": "en-twiʀn-gmw-pro-noun-wvFZhEli",
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
],
[
"double",
"double"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twiʀn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "twīn",
"3": "*twirn",
"4": "*tweorn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: twīn, *twirn, *tweorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: twīn, *twirn, *tweorn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "twine",
"3": "twyne",
"4": "twin",
"5": "twern",
"6": "*twire",
"7": "*twir"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: twine, twyne, twin, twern, *twire, *twir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: twine, twyne, twin, twern, *twire, *twir"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "twyn",
"3": "twine"
},
"expansion": "Scots: twyn, twine",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: twyn, twine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twine",
"3": "twire"
},
"expansion": "English: twine, twire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: twine, twire"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*twīn"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *twīn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *twīn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Twien"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Twien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Twien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "twyn"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: twyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: twyn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*twirn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *twirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *twirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "twern",
"3": "twerne",
"4": "twērne"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: twern, twerne, twērne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: twern, twerne, twērne"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Tweern",
"3": "Tweernt"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Tweern, Tweernt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Tweern, Tweernt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*twīn",
"3": "*twirn"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *twīn, *twirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *twīn, *twirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "twern",
"3": "tweren",
"4": "twaern",
"5": "twijn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: twern, tweren, twaern, twijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: twern, tweren, twaern, twijn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tweern",
"3": "twijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: tweern, twijn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: tweern, twijn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*zwirn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "zwirn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zwirn"
},
"expansion": "German: Zwirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Zwirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Zwern"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Zwern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Zwern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Zwir"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Zwir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Zwir"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*twiznaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *twiznaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dwis-nó-s",
"t": "double"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwis-nó-s (“double”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwís",
"3": "*-nós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "twice, in two"
},
"expansion": "*dwís (“twice, in two”) + *-nós",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tvinni",
"t": "twine"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse tvinni (“twine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *twiznaz, *twiznô (“twine”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-nó-s (“double”), from *dwís (“twice, in two”) + *-nós. Cognate with Old Norse tvinni (“twine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "twiʀnum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*twiʀn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"twine, double thread"
],
"links": [
[
"twine",
"twine"
],
[
"double",
"double"
],
[
"thread",
"thread"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "twiʀn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for twiʀn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.