See tōbōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tōva",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Frisian: tōva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Frisian: tōva (unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toevje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: toevje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: toevje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*tōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *tōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *tōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tōven",
"3": "tȫven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tøve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: tøve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: tøve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*tuovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *tuovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *tuovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: toeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: toeven"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tōb",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "waiting"
},
"expansion": "*tōb (“waiting”) + *-ōn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tōb (“waiting”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*tōbōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōbōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wait"
],
"id": "en-tōbōn-gmw-pro-verb-g4ppckIk",
"links": [
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to linger, to remain"
],
"id": "en-tōbōn-gmw-pro-verb-n2RbKuH6",
"links": [
[
"linger",
"linger"
],
[
"remain",
"remain"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tōbōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōn (factitive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "tōva",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old Frisian: tōva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing"
},
"expansion": "(unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Old Frisian: tōva (unexpected class 1 inflection without umlaut, possibly a borrowing)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "toevje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: toevje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: toevje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*tōvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *tōvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *tōvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "tōven",
"3": "tȫven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: tōven, tȫven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tøve",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: tøve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: tøve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*tuovon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *tuovon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *tuovon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "toeven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: toeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: toeven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toeven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: toeven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: toeven"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tōb",
"3": "*-ōn",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "waiting"
},
"expansion": "*tōb (“waiting”) + *-ōn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *tōb (“waiting”) + *-ōn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "tōbōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*tōbōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tōbōn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to wait"
],
"links": [
[
"wait",
"wait"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to linger, to remain"
],
"links": [
[
"linger",
"linger"
],
[
"remain",
"remain"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tōbōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tōbōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (7cef23e and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.