See stenan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stenan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stenan",
"3": "stinan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stenan, stinan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stenan, stinan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stenen",
"3": "steynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stenen, steynen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regarded as byforms of stunien"
},
"expansion": "(regarded as byforms of stunien)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stenen, steynen (regarded as byforms of stunien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *stenan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *stenan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stēnen",
"3": "stȫnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stēnen, stȫnen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rounded form perhaps merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunōną</i> or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stēnen, stȫnen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stöhnen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: stöhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: stöhnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stenen",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Middle High German: stenen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Middle High German: stenen (northern)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen"
},
"expansion": "German: stöhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: stöhnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stenan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stenan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stēnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: stēnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: stēnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stenen",
"3": "steunen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: stenen, steunen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rounded form perhaps merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunōną</i> or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: stenen, steunen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stenu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stiniʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stenan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stenan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan"
],
"id": "en-stenan-gmw-pro-verb-SacFQjXj",
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stenan",
"3": "stinan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stenan, stinan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stenan, stinan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stenen",
"3": "steynen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stenen, steynen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regarded as byforms of stunien"
},
"expansion": "(regarded as byforms of stunien)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stenen, steynen (regarded as byforms of stunien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *stenan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *stenan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stēnen",
"3": "stȫnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stēnen, stȫnen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rounded form perhaps merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunōną</i> or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stēnen, stȫnen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stöhnen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: stöhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: stöhnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stenen",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Middle High German: stenen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "northern"
},
"expansion": "(northern)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→? Middle High German: stenen (northern)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen"
},
"expansion": "German: stöhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: stöhnen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stenan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stenan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stenan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stēnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: stēnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: stēnen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stenen",
"3": "steunen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: stenen, steunen",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rounded form perhaps merged with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunōną</i> or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*stunjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: stenen, steunen (rounded form perhaps merged with *stunōną or *stunjaną)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stenan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stenannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stenu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stiniʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stenē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stenēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stānīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stinid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stenandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stenan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stenan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 4 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Nonverbal communication"
],
"glosses": [
"to sigh, groan"
],
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
],
[
"groan",
"groan"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stenan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.