See stōl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stōl\nMiddle English: stool\nEnglish: stool\nScots: stuil, stul, stule",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stōl\nMiddle English: stool\nEnglish: stool\nScots: stuil, stul, stule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "stuul",
"3": "stölj",
"4": "Stuul"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Stoul"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Stoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Stoul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stoel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stoel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stoel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: stōl\nMiddle Low German: stôl\nGerman Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)\n→ Lower Sorbian: stoł\nPlautdietsch: Stool\n→ Estonian: tool\n→ Votic: stooli",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: stōl\nMiddle Low German: stôl\nGerman Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)\n→ Lower Sorbian: stoł\nPlautdietsch: Stool\n→ Estonian: tool\n→ Votic: stooli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "stuol"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: stuol\nMiddle Dutch: stoel\nDutch: stoel\nAfrikaans: stoel\n→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo\n→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro\n→ Sotho: setulo\n→ Swazi: sítúlo\n→ Tsonga: xitulu\n→ Xhosa: ísítúlo\n→ Zulu: ísítúlo\nJersey Dutch: stûl\nNegerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stool\n→ Aukan: sutuu\n→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)\n→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji\n→ Sranan Tongo: sturu\nLimburgish: stool",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: stuol\nMiddle Dutch: stoel\nDutch: stoel\nAfrikaans: stoel\n→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo\n→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro\n→ Sotho: setulo\n→ Swazi: sítúlo\n→ Tsonga: xitulu\n→ Xhosa: ísítúlo\n→ Zulu: ísítúlo\nJersey Dutch: stûl\nNegerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stool\n→ Aukan: sutuu\n→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)\n→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji\n→ Sranan Tongo: sturu\nLimburgish: stool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stuol"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: stuol\nMiddle High German: stuol\nGerman: Stuhl\nHunsrik: Stuhl\nLuxembourgish: Stull\nVilamovian: śtül\nYiddish: שטול (shtul)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: stuol\nMiddle High German: stuol\nGerman: Stuhl\nHunsrik: Stuhl\nLuxembourgish: Stull\nVilamovian: śtül\nYiddish: שטול (shtul)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stōlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stōlaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stoh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "frame, rack, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*stōl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stōl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"stool, chair"
],
"id": "en-stōl-gmw-pro-noun-wmWzny9F",
"links": [
[
"stool",
"stool"
],
[
"chair",
"chair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"throne"
],
"id": "en-stōl-gmw-pro-noun-q4t2UXxD",
"links": [
[
"throne",
"throne"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stōl"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stōl\nMiddle English: stool\nEnglish: stool\nScots: stuil, stul, stule",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stōl\nMiddle English: stool\nEnglish: stool\nScots: stuil, stul, stule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stōl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stōl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "stuul",
"3": "stölj",
"4": "Stuul"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Stoul"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Stoul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Stoul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stoel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stoel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stoel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "stōl"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: stōl\nMiddle Low German: stôl\nGerman Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)\n→ Lower Sorbian: stoł\nPlautdietsch: Stool\n→ Estonian: tool\n→ Votic: stooli",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: stōl\nMiddle Low German: stôl\nGerman Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)\n→ Lower Sorbian: stoł\nPlautdietsch: Stool\n→ Estonian: tool\n→ Votic: stooli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "stuol"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: stuol\nMiddle Dutch: stoel\nDutch: stoel\nAfrikaans: stoel\n→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo\n→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro\n→ Sotho: setulo\n→ Swazi: sítúlo\n→ Tsonga: xitulu\n→ Xhosa: ísítúlo\n→ Zulu: ísítúlo\nJersey Dutch: stûl\nNegerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stool\n→ Aukan: sutuu\n→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)\n→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji\n→ Sranan Tongo: sturu\nLimburgish: stool",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: stuol\nMiddle Dutch: stoel\nDutch: stoel\nAfrikaans: stoel\n→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo\n→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro\n→ Sotho: setulo\n→ Swazi: sítúlo\n→ Tsonga: xitulu\n→ Xhosa: ísítúlo\n→ Zulu: ísítúlo\nJersey Dutch: stûl\nNegerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stool\n→ Aukan: sutuu\n→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)\n→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji\n→ Sranan Tongo: sturu\nLimburgish: stool"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stuol"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: stuol\nMiddle High German: stuol\nGerman: Stuhl\nHunsrik: Stuhl\nLuxembourgish: Stull\nVilamovian: śtül\nYiddish: שטול (shtul)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: stuol\nMiddle High German: stuol\nGerman: Stuhl\nHunsrik: Stuhl\nLuxembourgish: Stull\nVilamovian: śtül\nYiddish: שטול (shtul)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stōlaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stōlaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stoh₂los",
"4": "",
"5": "frame, rack, stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stōlum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*stōl m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stōl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Chairs"
],
"glosses": [
"stool, chair"
],
"links": [
[
"stool",
"stool"
],
[
"chair",
"chair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Monarchy"
],
"glosses": [
"throne"
],
"links": [
[
"throne",
"throne"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stōl"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stōl meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.