See stīfēn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stīfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stīfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stiven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stiven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "English: stiff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stiff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stīvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stīvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stīvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stiivje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stiivje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stiivje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*stīvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *stīvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *stīvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stīven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stīven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stīven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stīvon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stīvon\nMiddle Dutch: stiven\nDutch: stijven\nAfrikaans: styf, stywe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stīvon\nMiddle Dutch: stiven\nDutch: stijven\nAfrikaans: styf, stywe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*stīfēn",
"3": "*stīfōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *stīfēn, *stīfōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *stīfēn, *stīfōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stīfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: stīfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: stīfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "steifen"
},
"expansion": "German: steifen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: steifen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stīf",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "*stīf (“rigid, stiff”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *stīf (“rigid, stiff”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stīfēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stīfēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become rigged, stiffen"
],
"id": "en-stīfēn-gmw-pro-verb-HghUvenZ",
"links": [
[
"rigged",
"rigged"
],
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stīfēn"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stīfian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stīfian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stīfian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stiven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stiven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stiven"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stiff"
},
"expansion": "English: stiff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stiff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stīvia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stīvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stīvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stiivje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stiivje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stiivje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*stīvōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *stīvōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *stīvōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stīven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: stīven",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: stīven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stīvon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stīvon\nMiddle Dutch: stiven\nDutch: stijven\nAfrikaans: styf, stywe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stīvon\nMiddle Dutch: stiven\nDutch: stijven\nAfrikaans: styf, stywe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*stīfēn",
"3": "*stīfōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *stīfēn, *stīfōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *stīfēn, *stīfōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stīfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: stīfen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: stīfen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "steifen"
},
"expansion": "German: steifen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: steifen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stīf",
"3": "*-ēn",
"id2": "stative-fientive",
"t1": "rigid, stiff"
},
"expansion": "*stīf (“rigid, stiff”) + *-ēn",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *stīf (“rigid, stiff”) + *-ēn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?dīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīfēndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stīf?d",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*stīfēn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk3"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stīfēn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 3 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-ēn (stative-fientive)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to become rigged, stiffen"
],
"links": [
[
"rigged",
"rigged"
],
[
"stiffen",
"stiffen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stīfēn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stīfēn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.