See spurjan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "spyrian",
"3": "spirian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: spyrian, spirian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: spyrian, spirian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spuren",
"3": "spiren",
"4": "speren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "speer",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "speir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: speir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: speir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spera"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spurien",
"3": "*spuren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spueren",
"3": "spōren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speuren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: speuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: speuren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "speur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: speur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: speur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "speure",
"3": "speurje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: speure, speurje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: speure, speurje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "spurian",
"3": "spurien",
"4": "spurren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spüren",
"3": "spürn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: spüren, spürn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: spüren, spürn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "spüren"
},
"expansion": "German: spüren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: spüren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "spieren"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: spieren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: spieren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gespüre",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שפּירן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spurjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spurjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spor",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "track"
},
"expansion": "*spor (“track”) + *-jan",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *spurjaną. Equivalent to *spor (“track”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*spurjan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spurjan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 35 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to feel, touch"
],
"id": "en-spurjan-gmw-pro-verb-G4yAXmRa",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"touch",
"touch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 35 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to study; to search; to examine"
],
"id": "en-spurjan-gmw-pro-verb-woXiyrXV",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"search",
"search"
],
[
"examine",
"examine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 35 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 29 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to ask"
],
"id": "en-spurjan-gmw-pro-verb-SeJNAP0V",
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spurjan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "spyrian",
"3": "spirian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: spyrian, spirian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: spyrian, spirian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spuren",
"3": "spiren",
"4": "speren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "speer",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "English: speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "speir"
},
"expansion": "Scots: speir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: speir"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spera"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spurien",
"3": "*spuren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spueren",
"3": "spōren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "speuren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: speuren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: speuren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "speur"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: speur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: speur"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "speure",
"3": "speurje",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: speure, speurje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: speure, speurje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "spurian",
"3": "spurien",
"4": "spurren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "spüren",
"3": "spürn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: spüren, spürn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: spüren, spürn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "spüren"
},
"expansion": "German: spüren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: spüren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "spieren"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: spieren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: spieren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "gespüre",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שפּירן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*spurjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spurjaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spor",
"3": "*-jan",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "track"
},
"expansion": "*spor (“track”) + *-jan",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *spurjaną. Equivalent to *spor (“track”) + *-jan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"genitive",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"dative",
"infinitive",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"infinitive",
"instrumental",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjanþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuridīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"present",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spuriþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"plural",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurjandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"present",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "spurid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class-1",
"participle",
"past",
"weak"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*spurjan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spurjan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to feel, touch"
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"touch",
"touch"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to study; to search; to examine"
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"search",
"search"
],
[
"examine",
"examine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to ask"
],
"links": [
[
"ask",
"ask"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spurjan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spurjan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.