"skuttjan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See skuttjan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{affix|gmw-pro|*skut|*-jan|id2=denominative|t1=a border, a divider}} *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *skuttjan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], skuttjan [class-1, infinitive, weak], skuttjannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], skuttjannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], skuttjannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], skuttju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skuttā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skutisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skuttēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skuttōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skutiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skuttē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuttā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuttjum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skuttum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skutiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skuttud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skuttjanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skuttun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skuttjē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skuttī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skuttjēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skuttī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skuttjē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skuttī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuttjēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skuttīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skuttjēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skuttīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skuttjēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skuttīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skuti [class-1, present, singular, weak], skutiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], skuttjandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], skutt [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to shut, to close off Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-SmnbUuNC Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 85 3 13 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative): 76 7 17
  2. to enclose Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-uhdN1gF4
  3. to protect, to shelter Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-PeJmuYPh

Download JSON data for skuttjan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "scyttan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: scyttan\nMiddle English: shetten, shutten\nEnglish: shut",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: scyttan\nMiddle English: shetten, shutten\nEnglish: shut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "sketta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: sketta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: sketta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skuttian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skuttian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skuttian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "schütten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: schütten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: schütten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "schutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: schutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: schutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*skutzen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *skutzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *skutzen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schützen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: schützen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: schützen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "schützen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: schützen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: schützen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skut",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "a border, a divider"
      },
      "expansion": "*skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuttjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuttjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "85 3 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 7 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to shut, to close off"
      ],
      "id": "en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-SmnbUuNC",
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enclose"
      ],
      "id": "en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-uhdN1gF4",
      "links": [
        [
          "enclose",
          "enclose"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to protect, to shelter"
      ],
      "id": "en-skuttjan-gmw-pro-verb-PeJmuYPh",
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "shelter",
          "shelter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skuttjan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "scyttan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: scyttan\nMiddle English: shetten, shutten\nEnglish: shut",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: scyttan\nMiddle English: shetten, shutten\nEnglish: shut"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "sketta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: sketta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: sketta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skuttian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skuttian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skuttian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "schütten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: schütten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: schütten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "schutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: schutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: schutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schutten"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schutten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schutten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*skutzen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *skutzen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *skutzen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schützen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: schützen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: schützen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "schützen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: schützen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: schützen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skut",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative",
        "t1": "a border, a divider"
      },
      "expansion": "*skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuttjandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skutt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuttjan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuttjan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shut, to close off"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shut",
          "shut"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to enclose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enclose",
          "enclose"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Security"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to protect, to shelter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protect",
          "protect"
        ],
        [
          "shelter",
          "shelter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skuttjan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.