"skuldijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See skuldijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *skuldi + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gmw-pro|*skuldi|*-jan|id2=denominative}} *skuldi + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *skuldijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], skuldijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], skuldijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], skuldijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], skuldijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], skuldiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skuldidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skuldisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skuldidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skuldidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skuldiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skuldidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuldidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuldijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skuldidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skuldiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skuldidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skuldijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skuldidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skuldijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skuldidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skuldijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skuldidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skuldijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skuldidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skuldijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skuldidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skuldijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skuldidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skuldijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skuldidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skuldi [class-1, present, singular, weak], skuldiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], skuldijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], skuldid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to accuse Tags: reconstruction Related terms: skuldōn
    Sense id: en-skuldijan-gmw-pro-verb-y9xomrpC Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)

Download JSON data for skuldijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċyldan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*skelda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *skelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *skelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "bonskelda",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: bonskelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: bonskelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "urskelda",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: urskelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: urskelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skuldian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "farskuldian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: farskuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: farskuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "giskuldian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: giskuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: giskuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "schulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: schulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: schulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "skulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: skulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: skulden"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skuldi",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuldi + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skuldi + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuldijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse"
      ],
      "id": "en-skuldijan-gmw-pro-verb-y9xomrpC",
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "skuldōn"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skuldijan"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċyldan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċyldan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċyldan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "*skelda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: *skelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: *skelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "bonskelda",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: bonskelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: bonskelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "urskelda",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Frisian: urskelda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Frisian: urskelda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skuldian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "farskuldian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: farskuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: farskuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "giskuldian",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Saxon: giskuldian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Saxon: giskuldian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "schulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: schulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: schulden"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "skulden"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: skulden",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: skulden"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skuldi",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "denominative"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuldi + *-jan",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skuldi + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannjē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijannju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiju",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldisi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijanþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijēn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldidīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldijandī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuldid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skuldijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "skuldōn"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (denominative)",
        "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to accuse"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "accuse",
          "accuse"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skuldijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.