See skrīban in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skrīban meaning in Proto-West Germanic (7.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrīfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċrīfan\nMiddle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife\nEnglish: shrive\nScots: schrive",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċrīfan\nMiddle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife\nEnglish: shrive\nScots: schrive"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skrīva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skrīva\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: skriiw\nMooring: schriwe\nSylt: skriiv\nWiedingharde: skriwwe\nSaterland Frisian: skrieuwe\nWest Frisian: skriuwe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skrīva\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: skriiw\nMooring: schriwe\nSylt: skriiv\nWiedingharde: skriwwe\nSaterland Frisian: skrieuwe\nWest Frisian: skriuwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skrīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skrīvan\nMiddle Low German: schrîven\nLow German: schrieven",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skrīvan\nMiddle Low German: schrîven\nLow German: schrieven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "scrīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: scrīvan\nMiddle Dutch: schriven\nDutch: schrijven\nAfrikaans: skryf\nJersey Dutch: sxrāive\nNegerhollands: skriev, skrif\nSkepi Creole Dutch: screef\n→ Sranan Tongo: skrifi (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: sjrieve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: scrīvan\nMiddle Dutch: schriven\nDutch: schrijven\nAfrikaans: skryf\nJersey Dutch: sxrāive\nNegerhollands: skriev, skrif\nSkepi Creole Dutch: screef\n→ Sranan Tongo: skrifi (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: sjrieve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skrīban",
"3": "scrīban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skrīban, scrīban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skrīban, scrīban"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schrīben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schrīben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schrīben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "schriibe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: schriibe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: schriibe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "sraiban"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: sraiban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: sraiban"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "schrieve",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: schrieve, schrjve; schreiwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: schrieve, schrjve; schreiwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "schreive"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: schreive",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: schreive"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schreiben"
},
"expansion": "German: schreiben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schreiben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "schreiwen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: schreiwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: schreiwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "schreiwe"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: schreiwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: schreiwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "śrajwa"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: śrajwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: śrajwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שרײַבן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שרײַבן (shraybn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שרײַבן (shraybn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skrībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skrībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "scrībō"
},
"expansion": "Latin scrībō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, borrowed from Latin scrībō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skrību",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skribum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīband",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skriban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skrīban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skrīban",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to write"
],
"id": "en-skrīban-gmw-pro-verb-GyIdbR6y",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skrīban"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrīfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sċrīfan\nMiddle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife\nEnglish: shrive\nScots: schrive",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sċrīfan\nMiddle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife\nEnglish: shrive\nScots: schrive"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "skrīva"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: skrīva\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: skriiw\nMooring: schriwe\nSylt: skriiv\nWiedingharde: skriwwe\nSaterland Frisian: skrieuwe\nWest Frisian: skriuwe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: skrīva\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: skriiw\nMooring: schriwe\nSylt: skriiv\nWiedingharde: skriwwe\nSaterland Frisian: skrieuwe\nWest Frisian: skriuwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "skrīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: skrīvan\nMiddle Low German: schrîven\nLow German: schrieven",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: skrīvan\nMiddle Low German: schrîven\nLow German: schrieven"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "scrīvan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: scrīvan\nMiddle Dutch: schriven\nDutch: schrijven\nAfrikaans: skryf\nJersey Dutch: sxrāive\nNegerhollands: skriev, skrif\nSkepi Creole Dutch: screef\n→ Sranan Tongo: skrifi (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: sjrieve",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: scrīvan\nMiddle Dutch: schriven\nDutch: schrijven\nAfrikaans: skryf\nJersey Dutch: sxrāive\nNegerhollands: skriev, skrif\nSkepi Creole Dutch: screef\n→ Sranan Tongo: skrifi (see there for further descendants)\nLimburgish: sjrieve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skrīban",
"3": "scrīban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: skrīban, scrīban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: skrīban, scrīban"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "schrīben"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: schrīben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: schrīben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "schriibe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: schriibe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: schriibe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "sraiban"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: sraiban",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: sraiban"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "schrieve",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: schrieve, schrjve; schreiwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: schrieve, schrjve; schreiwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "schreive"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: schreive",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: schreive"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schreiben"
},
"expansion": "German: schreiben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schreiben"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "schreiwen"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: schreiwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: schreiwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "schreiwe"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: schreiwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: schreiwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "śrajwa"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian: śrajwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vilamovian: śrajwa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שרײַבן"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: שרײַבן (shraybn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: שרײַבן (shraybn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kreybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skrībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skrībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "scrībō"
},
"expansion": "Latin scrībō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, borrowed from Latin scrībō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skrību",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skribum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīband",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skribīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "skrīb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skrībandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "skriban",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*skrīban",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skrīban",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic class 1 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Latin",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kreybʰ-",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations",
"gmw-pro:Writing"
],
"glosses": [
"to write"
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "skrīban"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.