"skiuhijan" meaning in Proto-West Germanic

See skiuhijan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan. Etymology templates: {{af|gmw-pro|*skeuh|*-jan|id2=factitive|t1=frightened; frightening}} *skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan Head templates: {{head|gmw-pro|verb}} *skiuhijan Inflection templates: {{gmw-infl-verb-wk1}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], skiuhijan [class-1, infinitive, weak], skiuhijannjas [class-1, genitive, infinitive, weak], skiuhijannjē [class-1, dative, infinitive, weak], skiuhijannju [class-1, infinitive, instrumental, weak], skiuhiju [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skiuhidā [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skiuhisi [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skiuhidēs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skiuhidōs [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skiuhiþi [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skiuhidē [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skiuhidā [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skiuhijum [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skiuhidum [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skiuhiþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skiuhidud [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skiuhijanþ [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skiuhidun [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skiuhijē [class-1, first-person, present, singular, weak], skiuhidī [class-1, first-person, past, singular, weak], skiuhijēs [class-1, present, second-person, singular, weak], skiuhidī [class-1, past, second-person, singular, weak], skiuhijē [class-1, present, singular, third-person, weak], skiuhidī [class-1, past, singular, third-person, weak], skiuhijēm [class-1, first-person, plural, present, weak], skiuhidīm [class-1, first-person, past, plural, weak], skiuhijēþ [class-1, plural, present, second-person, weak], skiuhidīd [class-1, past, plural, second-person, weak], skiuhijēn [class-1, plural, present, third-person, weak], skiuhidīn [class-1, past, plural, third-person, weak], skiuhi [class-1, present, singular, weak], skiuhiþ [class-1, plural, present, weak], skiuhijandī [class-1, participle, present, weak], skiuhid [class-1, participle, past, weak]
  1. to dread, avoid Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-skiuhijan-gmw-pro-verb-pJQT7Y-C Categories (other): Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive) Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 77 23 Disambiguation of Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive): 88 12
  2. to shun Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-skiuhijan-gmw-pro-verb-88wJDBuP

Download JSON data for skiuhijan meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.5kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċīen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċīen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċīen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "skiuwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: skiuwen, skuwen\nMiddle Dutch: schuwen, scuwen, schouwen, schauwen\nDutch: schuwen, schouwen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: skiuwen, skuwen\nMiddle Dutch: schuwen, scuwen, schouwen, schauwen\nDutch: schuwen, schouwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "sciuhen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: sciuhen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: sciuhen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schiuhen",
            "3": "schiuwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: schiuhen, schiuwen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: schiuhen, schiuwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "scheuen",
            "3": "scheuchen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: scheuen, scheuchen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: scheuen, scheuchen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "eschiver",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: eschiver, eschivre, eschever, eschewer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: eschiver, eschivre, eschever, eschewer (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skeuh",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "frightened; frightening"
      },
      "expansion": "*skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannjas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannjē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhisi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidōs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidud",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijanþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijandī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skiuhijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skiuhijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dread, avoid"
      ],
      "id": "en-skiuhijan-gmw-pro-verb-pJQT7Y-C",
      "links": [
        [
          "dread",
          "dread"
        ],
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shun"
      ],
      "id": "en-skiuhijan-gmw-pro-verb-88wJDBuP",
      "links": [
        [
          "shun",
          "shun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skiuhijan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-West Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-jan (factitive)",
    "Proto-West Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċīen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċīen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċīen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "skiuwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: skiuwen, skuwen\nMiddle Dutch: schuwen, scuwen, schouwen, schauwen\nDutch: schuwen, schouwen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: skiuwen, skuwen\nMiddle Dutch: schuwen, scuwen, schouwen, schauwen\nDutch: schuwen, schouwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "sciuhen"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: sciuhen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: sciuhen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schiuhen",
            "3": "schiuwen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: schiuhen, schiuwen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: schiuhen, schiuwen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "scheuen",
            "3": "scheuchen"
          },
          "expansion": "German: scheuen, scheuchen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: scheuen, scheuchen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "eschiver",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: eschiver, eschivre, eschever, eschewer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: eschiver, eschivre, eschever, eschewer (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*skeuh",
        "3": "*-jan",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "frightened; frightening"
      },
      "expansion": "*skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *skeuh (“frightened; frightening”) + *-jan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannjas",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "genitive",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannjē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "dative",
        "infinitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijannju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "infinitive",
        "instrumental",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhisi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidōs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidā",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidud",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijanþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijē",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīm",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijēn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhidīn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhiþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhijandī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "present",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiuhid",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class-1",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "*skiuhijan",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skiuhijan",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "gmw-pro:Fear"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to dread, avoid"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dread",
          "dread"
        ],
        [
          "avoid",
          "avoid"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to shun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shun",
          "shun"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "skiuhijan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.