See roþōn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "rothia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: rothia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: rothia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roaie",
"3": "roeie",
"4": "roegje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roaie, roeie, roegje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roaie, roeie, roegje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rothōn",
"3": "*rodōn",
"4": "*roddōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rothōn, *rodōn, *roddōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rothōn, *rodōn, *roddōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rōden",
"3": "rodden",
"4": "rāden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rōden, rodden, rāden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rōden, rodden, rāden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rothon",
"3": "*rodon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rothon, *rodon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rothon, *rodon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rōden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rōden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rōden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rooien"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rooien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rooien"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roeien",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: roeien",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: roeien (obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "uitroeien",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: uitroeien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: uitroeien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rodōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rodōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rodōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roden",
"3": "roten",
"4": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roden, roten, rotten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roden, roten, rotten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "roden",
"3": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "German: roden, rotten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: roden, rotten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *rudōną - *ruddōną an iterative verb to the strong verb *reudaną.\nHowever, this doesn't account for the dental fricative that should be reconstructed for the Old Frisian and Old High German descendants.\nOrel suggests that Old Norse roða (“huddle together”) is cognate, although the semantic development is unclear.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*rodōn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*roddōn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*roþōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/roþōn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reudan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "riudijan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ruddjan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to clear"
],
"id": "en-roþōn-gmw-pro-verb-JhV2WAgz",
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to uproot"
],
"id": "en-roþōn-gmw-pro-verb-QCgySRH4",
"links": [
[
"uproot",
"uproot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "roþōn"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "rothia"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: rothia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: rothia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "roaie",
"3": "roeie",
"4": "roegje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: roaie, roeie, roegje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: roaie, roeie, roegje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*rothōn",
"3": "*rodōn",
"4": "*roddōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *rothōn, *rodōn, *roddōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *rothōn, *rodōn, *roddōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "rōden",
"3": "rodden",
"4": "rāden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: rōden, rodden, rāden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: rōden, rodden, rāden"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*rothon",
"3": "*rodon"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *rothon, *rodon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *rothon, *rodon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "rōden"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: rōden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: rōden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rooien"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: rooien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: rooien"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "roeien",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: roeien",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: roeien (obsolete, with the vowel -oe- of unkown origin)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "uitroeien",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: uitroeien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: uitroeien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rodōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: rodōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: rodōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "roden",
"3": "roten",
"4": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: roden, roten, rotten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: roden, roten, rotten"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "roden",
"3": "rotten"
},
"expansion": "German: roden, rotten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: roden, rotten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic. Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Germanic *rudōną - *ruddōną an iterative verb to the strong verb *reudaną.\nHowever, this doesn't account for the dental fricative that should be reconstructed for the Old Frisian and Old High German descendants.\nOrel suggests that Old Norse roða (“huddle together”) is cognate, although the semantic development is unclear.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnijē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōniju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōnþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "roþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōndī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "roþōd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "*rodōn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*roddōn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*roþōn",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/roþōn",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "reudan"
},
{
"word": "riudijan"
},
{
"word": "ruddjan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to clear"
],
"links": [
[
"clear",
"clear"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to uproot"
],
"links": [
[
"uproot",
"uproot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "roþōn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roþōn meaning in Proto-West Germanic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-West Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.